different social group achievements in school. Flashcards
who’s social class is the strongest predictor of educational achievement in the U.K?
Penny and Francis (2010)
what is material deprivation?
refers to the lack of available resources, such as adequate income and housing.
what material factors affect attainment?
- housing.
- diet and health.
- educational resources.
what is cultural deprivation?
cultural deprivation of underachievement in education is due to socialization beyond school, suggesting the values, attitudes and language of the culture is deficient in school.
who studied parental attitudes and how?
J.W.B Douglas (1964)
he provided questionnaires to over 5000 parents.
how does the parents level of education affect their child’s achievement?
when parents have a higher level of qualifications. they’re able to help aid the child with homework or extra reading. they also tend to have a pro school attitude. for parents with less qualifications, the opposite is still relevant.
who described working class subcultures in three aspects?
Barry sugarman (1970)
what were the three aspects of working class subcultures?
fatalistic- accepting the situation instead of improving it.
present time orientated- living for the moment.
concerned with immediate gratification- taking pleasures now rather than making sacrifices in future.
what is the restricted code?
a form of language spoken by working class and middle class, usually found in conversations between people who know each other. sentences are often shorter, unfinished and not detailed.
what is the elaborated code?
a form of language spoken mainly by the middle class, its meanings are universalistic, context free and are explicit in detail with explanations provided. the elaborate code is used with people that could be your boos, teachers etc…
what did Lacey(1970) find?
streaming/banding creates a subculture that is based upon how the system sees you. in higher bands we see that most people have a pro school attitude, vice versa. she calls this POLARISATION.
who came up with the concept of cultural capital?
Pierre Bourdieu (1984)
what is cultural capital?
where both material and cultural factors contribute to the educational achievement of students. he uses the term cultural capital to refer to the advantages that the middle class have upon the system.
