Difference between child and adult

Question 1

how to estaminate blood volume in child and wt

Answer 1

80mls/kg

(age+4) x 2

Question 2

Size of trachea

Answer 2

1yr = 6-7 mm

10 yr = 10mm

Question 3

Difference in airway

Answer 3

Narrow, short trachea
Large tongue
Larynx is higher at C2-3 and more anterior
Epiglottis is horseshoe

Question 4

Common eye problems

Answer 4

Acute suppurative otitis media
Chronic suppurative otitis media
Otitis media effusion
Adhesive Otitis media
Cholesteatoma

Question 5

Acute suppurative otitis media

Answer 5

Presents - pain, fever, and deafness, Conductive hearing loss
Organism - Strep pneumonia, H Influenzae
Cx - Meningitis, abscess, sinus thrombosis, mastoiditis, facial nerve palsy
Tx - Analgesia, antibiotics and may have Myringotomy

Question 6

Mastoiditis

Answer 6

Cx of ASOM
Subperiosteal abscess, may have intracranial abscess
Tx - IV Abs, Mastoid surgery and grommet

Question 7

Chronic Suppurative OM

Answer 7

Inflammation causing recurrent ear discharge due to a perforated TM
Presents with recurrent discharge and conductive hearing loss
Tx - Abs and tm Reconstruction.

Question 8

Otitis media effusion

Answer 8

Cause - Poor ET function 
Presentation - non infective, No pain or fever. Child is well
Causes a conductive hearing loss causing a speech delay
Tx - 
If more than 3 months
Grommets
May need adenoidectomy
and hearing aid

Question 9

Cholesteatoma

Answer 9

Cause - skin of TM growing in the wrong space due to ear disease. It grows into the middle ear.
Presentation - Offensive discharge, conductive hearing loss.
Cx - serious
Tx - surgery

Question 10

Diseases caused by tonsils and adenoids problems

Answer 10

Sleep apnoea leading to cor pulmonate, pulmonary HTN, cardiac hypertrophy
Recurrent tonsilitis
Snoring
Adenotonsillectomy