Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutrition > Dietary Supplements > Flashcards

Dietary Supplements Flashcards

1
Q

why do supplements not need to provide proof of efficacy and safety to the FDA?

A

Because they are considered food supplements that are used for health maintenance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 types of Echinacea people use today?

A

Botanical Substances: Echinacea Purpurea, E. pallida, and E. angustifolia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does Echinacea help with?

A 
1. Immune modulation
(boost immune system)
     -increased phagocytosis
     -increased circulating white 
      blood cells without 
      immunostimulation.
     -increase in interleukins 1,6, 10
     -Increase in TNF alpha
     -Cytokine activation
  1. Anti-inflammatiry Effect
    • inhibit cyclooxygenase,
  2. Antibacterial, Anti-fungal, Antiviral, Antioxidant
    -Herpes simplex virus, S.
    pyogenase, H. influenza, L.
    pneumophilia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Echinacea side effects?

A

Flue-like symptoms from intravenous use.
Rahses in Pediatric patients.
GI upset
Orally: unpleasant taste and GI upset.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Drug interactions with Echinacea?

A

No drug interactions

BUT avoid if taking immunosuppressant , if have autoimmune disorders or TB. Also don’t take if you are immunodeficient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Another name for Garlic?

A

Allium Sativum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Supposed usage of Garlic?

A 
1. cardiovascular effects:
   A. Cholesterol reduction
        -Limits HMG-CoA reductase 
         to reduce cholesterol
   B. blood vessel elasticity 
   C. BP
   D. Antioxidant effect
         - increase resistance to low-
           density lipoprotein 
           oxidation
  1. Endocrine Effect
    A. Glucose homeostasis:
    -hypoglycemic effects
  2. Antimicrobial Effect
    - gram+ and gram- and fungi (C. albicans), Protozoa (Entamoeba histolytica) and certain viruses.
    - Attack thiol-containing enzymes needed by microbes
  3. Antieoplastic effect:
    - inhibit procarcinogens of stomach, colon, breast, esophageal, lung
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adverse affects with the use of Garlic?

A

Nausea (6%)
Hypotension (1.3%)
Allergy (1.1%)
Bleeding (rare)

Breath and body order incidence (20-40%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Drug interactions associated with the use of Garlic?

A

Because of Anti-platelet effects, people on anti-coagulants should be careful with the use of garlic– Warfin, Aspirin, Ibuprofin

Reduce bioavailability of saquinavir (antiviral protease inhibitor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Adverse effects or drug interactions with Garlic?

A

Hypotension (1.3%)
Allergy (1.1%)
Bleeding (rare)

May reduce the bioavailablity of saquinavir (antiviral protease inhibitor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Supposed use for Ginko Biloba?

A

Increased blood flow (promotes vasodilation)
reduces blood viscosity

Prevent peripheral artery disease

Blood Pressure (clinically insignificant)

Antioxidant- Radical-scavenging properties (may protect against ischemic injury)

CNS- increased adrenergic/muscarinic reporter
densities.

Slow progression of dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Adverse effects or drug interactions for Ginko biloba?

A

Comparable to placebos

May compound Anti-platelet therapy and work against anticoagulative therapy

Enhanced sedative effect with trazodone

Uncooked Ginko seeds are epileptogenic and may cause seizures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Common names of Ginseng?

A 
Panax ginsing
Panax quinquefolium
Eleutherococcus senticosus * 
      mostly seen in USA
Pfaffia paniculata
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Supposed uses of Ginseng?

A
  1. Modulates immune function
  2. CNS effect: increase in Norep, Epi, and Dopamine.
  3. Anti-inflammatory
  4. Antioxidant
  5. Analgesia
  6. Vaso-regulatory effects
    (vasodilation via increase in NO)
  7. Cardioprotective (against hypertrophy/remodeling)
  8. Glucose homeostasis
  9. Anticancer properties
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Adverse effects of Ginseng?

A

Vaginal bleeding and Mastalgia (breast pain)

Insomnia

Nervousness

Hypertension (HIGH doses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Drug interactions with Ginseng?

A

Anti-depresive medication combined with ginseng may induce irritability, sleeplessness, and manic behavior.

Anti-platelet properties- don’t use with anti-coagulants (Warfin)

Do not use if on psychiatric, estrogenic, hypoglycemic medication

Do not use if have autoimmune disorder/ taking immunostimulants

17
Q

What is the another name of milk thistle?

A

Silybum Marianum

18
Q

What are the supposed uses of Milk thistle?

A
  1. Limits hepatic injury
  2. Anti-inflammatory property: inhibits lipoxygenase and reduces leukocyte migration, inhibits TNF-alpha and mediates activation of NF-kappaB
  3. Chemotherapeutic effects
  4. inducer of lactation
19
Q

What are the adverse effects to using Milk Thistle? Drug interactions?

A

Laxative effect in high doses

Gastrointestinal upset, dermatologic, headaches.

20
Q

What are drug interactions with Milk Thistle?

A

No drug-drug interactions known at this time

21
Q

What is another name of St. John’s Wort?

A

Hypericum Performatum

22
Q

What are the supposed uses of St. John’s Wort?

A

Anti-depressive action
-MAO and -B inhibitors
Antiviral
Anticarcinogenic

23
Q

What are some adverse effects of St. John’s Wort?

A

Photosensitization
Hypomania
Mania
autonomic arousal

24
Q

Drug interactions with St. John’s wort?

A

Increase drug clearance: stimulates CYP3A4, CYP2c9, CYP1A2.
- digoxin, birth control, cyclosporine, HIV protease and non nucleoside RTIs, warfarin, irinotecan, thopylline, and anticonvulsants
= sub-therapeutic levels

Antidepressive medication+ St. John’s Wort can lead to serotonin syndrome

25
Q

What is the supposed use of Saw Palmetto?

A

Prostate hyperplasia : inhibits 5-aromatase and prevents DHT from binding to Androgen receptors.

26
Q

What are the adverse effects of Saw Palmetto? Drug interactions?

A

Nausea, Headache, diarrhea, fatigue, headache, decreased labido, rhinitis

No drug-drug interactions

27
Q

Supposed use of coenzyme Q10? Other names of Co-enzyme Q10?

A

Reduced hypertension

Heart failure reduction
-improve ejection fraction

Ischemic heart disease reduction

Prevention of statin induced myopathy–
statins block HMG-CoA = Coenzyme Q10
synthesis. Low CoQ10 blocks steps in
muscle cell energy generation –>
Myopathy

other Names:
CoQ10
Ubiquinone

28
Q

Adverse affects of Coenzyme Q10?

Drug interactions?

A

GI problems (nausea, diarrhea, heartburn, anorexia) (<1%)

Irritability, dizziness, and headache

Maculopapular rash and thrombocytopenia RARE!!

Drug interactions:
Interactions with Warfarin (similar to vitamin k)

29
Q

What are the supposed uses of Glucosamine?

A

Treatment of osteoarthritis:
-production of new cartilage is exceeded by
the rate of degradation of existing cartilage.

30
Q

Adverse effects of Glucosamine?

Drug interactions of Glucosamine?

A

Mild GI symptoms (diarrhea/nausea)
Cross-allergy with people who are allergic to shellfish

Drug interaction:
Increased INR (international normalized ratio) in patients taking warfarin
     -increased risk for bruising and bleeding.
31
Q

Supposed uses of Melatonin?

A

(serotonin derivative)

Jet lag and insomnia treatment

Decrease female Reproductive function:
-partial inhibition of ovulation

Increase Male Reproductive Function:
-associated with enhanced sperm quality
and motility

32
Q

Adverse effects with the use of Melatonin?

A
  • decrease/increase BP
  • next day drowsiness
    - Fatigue, dizziness, headache, irritability
  • inhibit conception
33
Q

Drug interactions with Melatonin?

A

Antihypertensive medication

beta-androceptor agonists and antagonists

Drugs that alter CYP1A2 may increase melatonin’s effect.

May decrease effects of warfin.

Nifedpine, leading to increase blood pressure and heart rate

Nutrition (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions