Dietary Restrictions Flashcards
immune response; when the immune system overreacts to a harmless food ______
Food Allergy
Protein
In food allergies, _______ in food bind to specific ____________ made by the immune system, which triggers immune defenses that leads to a reaction.
Can occur in response to ANY FOOD.
Even the smallest amount of food can cause a reaction – no amount is safe to eat
There is NO CURE.
proteins
IgE antibodies
Experimental treatments and ongoing research for food allergies include _______ and ________
Food allergy reactions are unpredictable because ________.
biologics
OIT (oral immunotherapy)
The way your body reacts to a food allergen one time might not be the same the next time.
_______________: digestive system reaction, not an immune response, non-life threatening
Food Intolerance
Millions of people have food allergies.
_______ adults and ______ children have a food allergy.
_____ is the most common food allergen in babies and young children.
A food allergy can develop at any age, even to a food that has not previously caused a reaction.
Children can outgrow a food allergy over time – common with _______________
Harder to outgrow: ________________
1 in 10
1 in 13
Milk
milk, egg, soy, wheat
peanut, tree nuts, fish, shellfish
mild symptoms of food allergies
itchy/runny nose
itchy mouth
hives
sneezing
itching
nasusea
severe symptoms of food allergies
anaphylaxis
- swelling of lips/tongue/throat
- trouble swallowing
- shortness of breath
- drop in BP
- turning blue
- loss of consciousness
- chest pain
- weak pulse
______ is the only medication that can reverse anaphylaxis
epinephrine
______ ….
Provides guidance to the food industry, consumers, stakeholders on best ways to manage allergens in food.
Conducts inspections and samplings to check that major food allergens are properly labeled on products.
Makes sure food facilities have controls to prevent cross-contact.
Makes sure labeling controls in place to prevent undeclared allergens during manufacturing and packaging.
FDA
Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 (FALCPA)
Identified ______ foods as major food allergens: _______
nuts, peanuts, wheat, soybeans
Account for ___% of food allergies and serious allergic reactions in the US
8
milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, treenuts, peanuts, wheat, soybeans
90%
The FDA enforces this in most packaged food products, including ___________
This does not include…
- _____________ ( US Department of Agriculture)
- _________ (Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau)
- _________ commodities
- _______
- ___________
- most foods sold at retail/food service establishments that are _________________
dietary supplements
meat, poultry, and egg products
alcoholic beverages
raw agricultural
drugs
cosmetics
not pre-packaged with a label
FALCPA-regulated allergens can be called out in one of three ways :
1.________________
2. Using the word “________” followed by the name of the major food allergen
3. In the____________, when the ingredient is a less common form of the allergen
In the ingredient list - using the allergen’s common name
Contains
ingredient list in parentheses
For tree nuts, fish and crustacean shellfish - the _________ must be listed (almond, tuna, crab)
Manufacturers must list an FALCPA-regulated allergen, regardless of the amount.
Phrases like “________” are not regulated – might be made in facilities where the allergens are present.
Always contact the manufacturer if you are unsure.
specific type
peanut-free
______ is the 9th most common food allergen
- increased worldwide over the past two decades
Sesame
Sesame declared as the 9th major food allergen by the ________________ Act.
Food Allergy Safety, Treatment, Education, and Research (FASTER) Act
Sesame recognized by the US - signed April 23, ____
Became effective on January 1, ______
- Labeling was not required until then
Products manufactured ________ may still contain unlabeled sesame and will remain on store
shelves until replaced by new inventory.
Used in many different cuisines and dishes, as well as snacks, dips, baked goods, soups, etc.
2021
2023
prior to 2023
Gluten in proteins found in _____________
Celiac disease: gluten-containing foods trigger an immune response that attacks and damages ________
- May limit the ability to absorb nutrients
- Can lead to _______________
Increased risk for potentially serious health problems - intestinal cancers, autoimmune diseases
wheat, rye and barley
the lining of the small intestine
iron deficiency anemia, osteoporosis, malnutrition
August 2, ______: FDA issued a final rule defining “gluten-free” for food labeling.
August 12, _____: FDA issued a final rule to establish compliance requirements for fermented and
hydrolyzed foods, or foods that contain fermented or hydrolyzed ingredients, bearing the “gluten-
free” claim.
2013
2020
“Gluten-free” requirements:
Presence of gluten <____ppm
an ingredient that is any type of wheat, rye, barley, or crossbreeds of these
an ingredient derived from these grains and that has not been __________ to remove gluten
an ingredient derived from these grains that has been processed to remove gluten, if the food contained ____ or more ppm gluten
Foods that are inherently gluten-free can also be labeled “gluten-free” if any gluten that came in contact with the food is <_______ ppm.
20 ppm
processed
20
20
Vegetarian
Religious, personal, health, environmental, ethical reasons
__________________: Eliminates meat, fish poultry; allows eggs and dairy
________________: Eliminates meat, fish, poultry, eggs; allows dairy
________________: Eliminates meat, fish, poultry, dairy; allows eggs
Lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet
Lacto-vegetarian diet
Ovo-vegetarian diet
Vegan
Religious, personal, health, environmental, ethical reasons
Plant-based - all __________________
animal and animal-derived foods are avoided
Kosher
Foods that comply with dietary guidelines in traditional
______ law.
3 categories: ________
Determines which foods may be consumed and how they
must be ________________
Guidelines regarding how meat should be ___________prior to consumption
Limits specific ________
Jewish
meat, dairy, pareve
produced, processed, and prepared
slaughtered
food pairings
Halal
Foods permitted under________ law defined by the religious text of ______.
Processed, made, produced, manufactured and stored using utensils, equipment/machinery that has been ___________
Halal – lawful
_______ – prohibited
Guidelines regarding how meat should be _________prior to consumption
Islamic
Islam
cleansed according to Islamic law
Haram
slaughtered
Current Allergen Testing Methods
Oral Food Challenge
Blood Test
Skin Prick Test
Food Elimination Diet
