dietary guidelines

Question 1

1) Describe the aim of the US Dietary Guidelines (DG) and how developed

Answer 1

Aim: reduce the risk of chronic disease, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and some cancers. Developed as a coordinated, evidence and science based set of recommendations from USDA and dept of health and human services which are reviewed every 5 years

Question 2

2) List key messages of the DG

Answer 2

1. balance calories to manage weight 2. Reduce. 3. Increase 4. Be active

Question 3

rationale behind balancing calories to manage weight

Answer 3

enjoy what you eat, just eat less of it.

Question 4

List food reductions recommended by DG

Answer 4

51yrs, HTN, DM, african amercan), <300mg/day cholesterol, eliminate trans fat, reduce intake of solid fats and added sugars, limit alcohol (1 drink per day for women, 2 per day for men)

Question 5

List foods to increase in the DG

Answer 5

veg/fruit intake (more than half your plate), variety (esp. dark green, red, orange veggies, beans and peas), at least half of grains are whole grains, fat free/low fat milk (Ca and Vit D associated with less overweight), protein variety, seafood (2 servings per week), low fat proteins, fiber, K, calcium, Vit D, oil instead of solid fats.

Question 6

list mderate vs vigorous physical activities

Answer 6

moderate: • Walking briskly (about 3 ½ miles per hour) • Bicycling (less than 10 miles per hour). Vigorous: • Running/jogging (5 miles per hour) • Walking very fast (4 ½ miles per hour) • Bicycling (more than 10 miles per hour)

Question 7

3) Describe how current typical dietary patterns and food choices in U.S. differ from DG;

Answer 7

< 25% of parents and their children correctly identified grains as the group from which the most servings should be consumed daily. 12% consumers correctly estimate calorie needs; 51% overestimated. • Americans consume too few green vegetables, orange vegetables, legumes, and whole grains, fruits, low fat dairy, and seafood;

Question 8

How many Americans consume recommended intake for vegetables and fruits?

Answer 8

6% and 8% respectively

Question 9

How many americans consume <2300mg sodium per day

Answer 9

18.80%

Question 10

What factors are contributing to the obesity epidemic

Answer 10

Overconsumption of total calories + low physical activity. This is contributed to by energy density of food and behaviors such as eating out.

Question 11

effect of multivitamins in healthy adults

Answer 11

decreased cancer incidence in men, but no effect in women. Neither Vitamine E nor beta carotene prevented CVD or cancer, and Beta carotene increased lung cancer risk in smokers

Question 12

describe DASH diet

Answer 12

emphasizes fruits/veggies, low fat dairy, whole grains, poultry, fish and nuts. Limit red meat, sweets and sugar containing beverages, total fat (27%) and saturated fat (6%)

Question 13

Mediterranean diet

Answer 13

emphasis on breads/cereals, fruits and vegetables, nuts, olive oil, fish. Limit sat fats, meats, full fat dairy

Question 14

describe components of the 5- healthy lifestyle habits

Answer 14

> /= 5 fruits/vegetables/day. Regular exercise (>12 x/month). Healthy weight (BMI 18.5-29.9). Moderate alcohol consumption (<1/day). No smoking