Dietary Disorders Flashcards
Unbalanced diet
A diet which has too much or too little of a particular nutrient
Dietary disorder
A health problem which is caused by having an unbalanced diet
Lifestyle
How we lead our lives e.g. how much physical activity we engage in
Modifiable
This describes risk factors that can be changed or altered
Non-modifiable
This describes risk factors that cannot be changed or altered
Risk factor
Something that increases your chances of getting a disease
Physical health
This relates to the body and its functioning
Diet
The food that we eat
Strategy
A careful plan or method
Mental health
This relates to our emotional health
Eight tips for eating well
- Base your meals on higher fibre starchy foods.
- Eat lots of fruit and vegetables.
3. Eat more fish – include a portion of oily fish once a week. - Cut down on saturated fat and sugar.
- Try to eat less salt – no more than 6g a day.
6. get active and try to be a healthy weight. - Drink plenty of water.
8. don’t skip breakfast.
How much does starchy carbohydrates make up what you eat
Over 1/3
Two main types of fat
Saturated and unsaturated
Too much saturated fat
Increases the amount of cholesterol in the blood, which increases your risk of developing heart disease
What foods are saturated fat found in
Butter, cheese, red meat, chocolate
What foods are unsaturated fat found in
Vegetable oils and spreads, oily fish, avocados
Energy balance
When the amount of energy taken in via food is the same as the amount of energy used up in physical activity then energy is said to be balanced
Physical health issues
Type two diabetes, tooth decay, coronary heart disease, arthritis, high blood pressure
Mental health issues
Depression, anxiety, body dysmorphia, reluctant to socialise
What is the recommended amount of moderate physical activity for an adolescent per week
60 minutes per day
Why do nutritionists advise that we should not drink any more than one small glass of fruit/smoothies per day
Fruit can contain a high percentage of sugar in its cells. When processed into a juice the sugar is released, it becomes ‘free sugar’ which will increase the risk of tooth decay. A variety of fruit and vegetables is required in order to increase the range of nutrients consumed
What is the name of the medical event that occurs when an artery to the brain becomes blocked
Stroke
If the arteries become totally blocked, blood cannot flow to the heart. What can this result in?
A heart attack
How does cardiovascular disease occur
When one or more of the coronary arteries is narrowed or completely blocked, by a buildup of fatty deposits or cholesterol on its walls
Non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease
Gender and getting older or family history
What can eating too much saturated fat lead to
Increase cholesterol levels.
High cholesterol levels increase the risk of CHD.
What can eating too much salt lead to
Increased blood pressure which increases the risk of CHD
What can consuming too much alcohol lead to
Damages heart muscle leading to increased blood pressure and weight gain which increases the risk of CHD
What can smoking lead to
(Doubles the risk of CHD).
Damages the lining of the artery was causing increased fatty deposits.
Nicotine causes the body to produce adrenaline which increases blood pressure
What kind of lack of physical activity lead to
Heart muscle does not function properly.
Exercise reduces blood pressure which reduces the risk of CHD.
Inactivity causes obesity which increases the risk of CHD
What is peak bone mass
Peak bone mass refers to the stage at which the bone is at its strongest
What age is peak bone mass reached at
18 for girls and 20 for boys
How can increasing peak bone mass be achieved
By ensuring adequate intake of vitamin D and calcium and by taking regular weight-bearing activity for example, running, dancing, hockey.
It is also necessary to limit alcohol intake and avoid smoking
What is diabetes
Diabetes is a condition in which the amount of sugar in the blood is too high for too long. Blood glucose levels are controlled by insulin which is produced by the pancreas. If not enough insulin is produced or it does not work properly, glucose levels rise and the individual will be diagnosed as having diabetes
Type one diabetes
This type of diabetes occurs when the body isn’t able to produce any insulin. It is managed by insulin injections; more likely in people under 40
Type two diabetes
Occurs when the body produces some insulin but not enough. It is controlled by diet or diet and insulin tablets/injections. Unlike type one, it often occurs in people over 40
What is coeliac disease
This is a condition that occurs when the body reacts to protein called gluten. When the body cannot tolerate this protein it means that the villi in the small intestine are not formed properly. As a result of this an individual will not be able to absorb the nutrients properly
Symptoms of coeliac disease
Nausea, tiredness, constipation, reduced growth in children
What is a person who has diabetes known as
A diabetic
