Dietary Assessment/Nutrition Care Process Flashcards
What does ADIME stand for?
Assessment and re-assessment, Diagnosis, Intervention, Monitoring and Evaluation
What is the ABCD of Nutrition Assessment?
Anthropometrics, Biochemical analysis, Clinical, Dietary Intakes
Why do a Dietary Assessment?
- Provides a starting point (the basis for a nutritional diagnosis and evaluation)
- Identify nutrition related problems and their probable causes
- Provides a foundation for nutritional interventions and strategies
- Evaluate short and long term health and disease risk
What are some examples of a direct dietary assessment method?
- National - food balance sheets
- Household - consumption and expenditure surveys
What are the three types of indirect dietary assessments methods and examples?
- Retrospective eg. diet history, 24h recall, FFQ
- Innovative Technologies eg. personal digital assessment, image-assisted, mobile-based technologies
- Prospective eg. estimated food record, weighed food record, duplicate diet model
What is a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and when is it used?
Answer the questions about how often they consume particular foods/drinks. Used for large scale studies
What are the pros of FFQ?
- Low respondent burden/high compliance
- Relatively inexpensive
- High response rate
- Usual intakes
What are the cons of FFQ?
- Must be literate/numerate
- Questionnaire design is crucial
- Relies on memory
- Over-reporting is common
- Not suitable for individual intakes
What is a diet recall and when is it used?
Recall all foods and drinks eaten in the last 24hrs. Used for large studies and clinic setting
What are the pros of diet recall?
- Collects info on actual intake
- Low respondent burden/high compliance
- Low cost
- Ease and speed of use
- Element of surprise
What are the cons of diet recall?
- Needs a skilled interviewer
- Relies on memory
- ‘Flat slope’ syndrome
- Diets must be coded/entered
- Single 24h recall not suitable for individual intake
What is a diet history and when is it used?
Answers questions about usual food intake and meal pattern. May include a short FFQ. Used in clinical setting
What are the pros of diet history?
- Relatively low respondent burden
- Usual food intake of an individual
What are the cons of diet history?
- Qualitative not quantitative
- Requires a skilled interviewer
- Relies on regular eating patterns
- Relies on memory
What is a Diet record (food diary) and when is it used?
Respondent asked to estimate/weigh and record all foods and drinks when they are consumed over a set time period. Used for individual or group intakes and for validation of other methods.
What are the pros of a food diary?
- Collects information on actual intake
- Good for individual or group intakes
What are the cons of a food diary?
- High respondent burden
- Expensive coding and entry
- Need numerate, literate and motivated participants
- Under-reporting/under-eating
- May need several days to assess some nutrients
What are the pros of technology-based dietary assessments?
- Doesn’t rely on memory (depending on when you do it)
- Can automatically process data
- Provides real-time feedback
- Can provide personalised dietary feedback advice
What are the cons of technology based dietary assessments?
- Accuracy of database
- Input errors
What are some athlete specific issues in dietary assessments?
- Consume more than a standard serve
- Items often forgotten: snacks, water and drinks, supplements
What is diagnosis in sports nutrition?
- Identification and labelling of a specific nutritional problem
- NOT a medical diagnosis
- Communicated using PASS/PES statements
What is PASS/PES and whats the template of the statement?
- Problem (diagnosis)
- Aetiology (the cause)
- Signs (objective data eg. blood measurements)
- Symptoms (subjective data eg. how feeling)
(Problem/nutrition diagnosis) related to (aetiology), as evidenced by (signs/symptoms)
What is intervention in Sports nutrition?
- Introduce nutritional strategies to resolve or improve the nutrition diagnosis
- How much does the athlete need?
- Nutrient reference values (NRVs)
What is the EAR?
- Estimated average requirement
- A daily nutrient intake that will meet the needs of 50% of the general population
