Diet and Nutrition Flashcards
definition of nutrition
science of how body uses food to meet its requirements
definition of diet
pattern of individual food intake, eating habits, kinds and amounts of food eaten
definition of dietary reference intakes
set of reference values used to plan and assess nutrient intakes of healthy value
definition of recommended dietary allowance
recommended daily level of nutrients to meet the nutritional needs of nearly all healthy individuals in a particular age and gender group
what is the healthy range of bmi
18.5-24.9
serving size of meat milk vegetable fruit
meat 65-100g cooked
milk 250ml/1 cup
vegetable 75gm
fruit 150gm
newborn energy requirement is how many times that of an adult
3-4x
why is breast milk more suitable for young infant than cows milk
breast milk contains lower protein and mineral content, hence lower solute load for immature kidnet
passive immunity
other nutrients eg essential fatty acids
confer protection against DM, infections
relationship between cancer and dietary factors
increased nitrate and salt intake increase risk of stomach, nasopharyngeal, oral ca
increased alcohol consumption increase risk of oral ca
calcium deficiency in developing child results in
incomplete calcification of teeth
osteoporosis
tooth and bone malformations
phosphorus deficiency in developing child results in
incomplete calcification of teeth
osteomalacia
osteo porosis
affected taste can be a result of what vitamin deficiency
vitamin A deficiency result in taste disturbance
thiamin vit b1 deficiency result in taste loss
vitamin a deficiency results in
impaired hearing, taste disturbances, xerostomia, desquamation of oral mucosa
excess vitamin d result in
pulp calcification and enamel hypoplasia
importance of diet consistency and texture to dental in children
firm diet aids proper growth of mandible, maxilla, tooth eruption
malnutrition results in what dental effect
delayed tooth development and eruption
enamel hypoplasia and hypomaturation
protein deficiency dental impact
affect tooth size and eruption sequence
affect salivary gland formation and function, affecting salivary flow rate
factors affecting oral clearance of food
physical properties of food eg consistency, texture
salivary flow
nutritional considerations for special needs children
host
- pre eruptive impact on dental structures eg hypoplastic enamel
environmental
- diet eg increased nutritional risk
- priority in overall care
- medical therapies impact diet and nutrition
bacterial changes in oral flora eg due to hyposalivation
socioeconomic burden, parental indulgence
Magnesium deficiency
Risk of osteoporosis, alveolar bone fragility
Iron deficiency
Anemia
Zinc deficiency
Loss/distortion of taste and smell, delayed wound healing, atrophic oral mucosa
Excess zinc
GI disturbance, vomiting, dizziness, lack of muscle coordination
Excess copper
Wilson’s disease, vomiting, diarrhea
Vitamin d deficiency
Osteo malacia, incomplete calcification of teeth and alveolar bone
Which supplements have small range of safety
Vitamin a and d
Mineral supplements narrower range of safety than vitamins
Why do pregnant women take folic acid
Women who took folic acid antagonists had children with clefts. Folic acid prevent neural tube defect embryogenically related to clefts
Excess vitamin a
Oral cleft (inconclusive) Teratogenic
