Diet and Lifestyle approaches for Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes – exploring evidence of how this impacts on health outcomes

Question 1

how are lifestyle changes promoting the rise in diabetes?

Answer 1

Physical activity has decreased and more time is spent on screen-based and sedentary leisure activities

The unhealthy lifestyle choices we have increasingly been defaulting to all give rise to modifiable risk factors for Type 2 diabetes, which are primarily overweight and obesity (BMI of 25 or more) and a large waist circumference (abdominal obesity)

Question 2

what are the risk factors that cannot be controlled or prevented?

Answer 2

a family history of Type 2 diabetes
age – being older than 40 or older than 25 for some black and minority ethnic (BME) groups
certain ethnicities

Question 3

true or false:

people who are at least moderately active have a 30% to 40% lower risk of type 2 diabetes

Answer 3

true

Question 4

what is the influence of exercise on postprandial glucose and triacylglycerol metabolism

Answer 4

Skeletal muscle plays an important role in regulating the storage and/or oxidation of glucose and TAG during the postprandial period

Insulin plays a central role in this regulation

Reductions in peripheral insulin sensitivity leads to abnormalities in glucose and TAG metabolism and is the first detectable defect in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes

Acutely, exercise is a potent stimulus of muscle glucose and TAG uptake due to the increased energy demands of the activity, and adaptations to regular training also benefit postprandial metabolism

Question 5

whats the effect of the interaction between PA and glucose metabolism to influence health (acute)

Answer 5

A bout of endurance‐type exercise increases glucose transport into muscle

Insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake is also elevated for at least 16hours with higher whole‐body insulin sensitivity detectable for 3days post‐exercise

Although exercise timing should be considered, the window over which exercise exerts a glucoregulatory effect spans many meals (~3 days), and thus its effect on the first or even second eating occasion (~6 hours) must be interpreted accordingly

Exercise is widely acknowledged as a potent and non-pharmacological strategy for increasing muscle insulin sensitivity and improving postprandial glucose control

Question 6

Interaction between PA and metabolism to influence health (regular exercise)

Answer 6

In healthy humans, endurance-type exercise training increases insulin sensitivity allowing postprandial blood glucose to be regulated with lower insulin levels

Question 7

what is the prevention of diabetes?

Answer 7

lifestyle change
lifestyle intervention- calorie restriction
weight loss
pharmocological therapy

Question 8

what are the dietry components of meddiet

Answer 8

High consumption of vegetables 
High intake of fruit and nuts 
High consumption of legumes 
High intake of cereals 
High consumption of fish and seafood 
Low intake of meat and meat products 
Low intake of dairy products 
High ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fats 
Moderate alcohol intake