Diet And Health Flashcards
What do carbohydrates do
Provide energy
Define balanced diet
A diet that gives you the right amount of all the nutrients you need plus fibre and water
What do lipids do
Act as an energy store provide insulation make up cell membranes and physically protect organs
What are proteins needed for
Growth repair of tissues and to make enzymes
What are vitamins needed for
Different vitamins have different functions, eg vitamin d is needed for calcium absorption and vitamin k is needed for blood clotting
What are minerals/mineral salts needed for
Different minerals have different functions eg iron needed for haemoglobin and calcium needed for bone formation
How is obesity defined
Being 20% or more over recommended weight
What causes obesity
Too much sugary or atty food and too little exercise are most common causes. ALso can be due to under active thyroid gland but this is rare
What is chd
Result of reduced blood floe to e heart, can lead to chest pain and heart attacks. Caused by atherosclerosis which is the narrowing of coronary arterie
How does a diet high in saturated fat increase risk of chd
Raises blood cholesterol levels whuch increases build up of fatty deposits in arterie called atheromas which cause atherosclerosis which I’m turn causes chd
How does a diet high in salt increase the risk of chd
Causes high blood pressure which can damage artery walls causing atherosclerosis which in turn causes chd
What are hdls
High density lipoproteins are mainly protein and transport cholesterol from body tissues to the liver where it is recycled or excreted. Function is to reduce blood cholesterol when level is too high
What do ldls do
Low density lipoproteins mainly lipid. Transport cholesterol from liver to blood where it circulates until it is needed by cells. Function is to increase cholesterol level when level is too low
What does a diet high in saturated fat do
Raises LDL level so Moore cholesterol is transported to the blood, increasing total blood cholesterol and increasing risk of chd
What does a diet high in polyunsaturated fat do
Raises hdl level so more cholesterol transportd from blood to liver decreasing total blood cholesterol level and decreasing chd risk
Define health
State of physical mental and social well being and the absence of disease
Define disease
A malfunction of the body or mind which causes symptoms. Impairment of normal functioning
What causes malaria
Parasite plasmodium which is eukaryotic and single felled. Transmitted by Mosquitos which are the vectors, they spread the disease but don’t cause it themselves but they spread infection by transferring the pathogen from one host to another
What causes tuberculosis
Bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis.spreads by droplet infection, when an infected person coughs or sneezes tiny droplets of saliva and mucus containing the bacteria are released from their mouth and nose which are breathed in by other people. Many people with tb don’t show symptoms unless they become weakened eg by another disease or malnutrition and the disease will then become active, theyll show symptoms and be able to pass on the infection
What’s HIV stand for
Human immunodeficiency virus
What’s aids stand for
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
How does HIV infect people
It infects white look cells and can only reproduce inside cells of organism it has infected. After virus has reproduced it kills white blood cells as it leaves
WHat are the three effects of smoking on the cardiovascular system
Atherosclerosis chd and stroke
How does smoking cause atherosclerosis
Cigarette smoke contains nicotine which causes an increase in blood pressure. Increased blood pressure can cause damage to the arterie, leading to the formation of atheromas. When damage occurs to an artery white blood cells build up and harden at the damaged site forming an atheromas which partially blocks the lumen so restricts blood flow. Atherosclerosis is hardening of arteries due to atheromas
