Diet And Health

Question 0

What do carbohydrates do

Answer 0

Provide energy

Question 1

Define balanced diet

Answer 1

A diet that gives you the right amount of all the nutrients you need plus fibre and water

Question 2

What do lipids do

Answer 2

Act as an energy store provide insulation make up cell membranes and physically protect organs

Question 3

What are proteins needed for

Answer 3

Growth repair of tissues and to make enzymes

Question 4

What are vitamins needed for

Answer 4

Different vitamins have different functions, eg vitamin d is needed for calcium absorption and vitamin k is needed for blood clotting

Question 5

What are minerals/mineral salts needed for

Answer 5

Different minerals have different functions eg iron needed for haemoglobin and calcium needed for bone formation

Question 6

How is obesity defined

Answer 6

Being 20% or more over recommended weight

Question 7

What causes obesity

Answer 7

Too much sugary or atty food and too little exercise are most common causes. ALso can be due to under active thyroid gland but this is rare

Question 8

What is chd

Answer 8

Result of reduced blood floe to e heart, can lead to chest pain and heart attacks. Caused by atherosclerosis which is the narrowing of coronary arterie

Question 9

How does a diet high in saturated fat increase risk of chd

Answer 9

Raises blood cholesterol levels whuch increases build up of fatty deposits in arterie called atheromas which cause atherosclerosis which I’m turn causes chd

Question 10

How does a diet high in salt increase the risk of chd

Answer 10

Causes high blood pressure which can damage artery walls causing atherosclerosis which in turn causes chd

Question 11

What are hdls

Answer 11

High density lipoproteins are mainly protein and transport cholesterol from body tissues to the liver where it is recycled or excreted. Function is to reduce blood cholesterol when level is too high

Question 12

What do ldls do

Answer 12

Low density lipoproteins mainly lipid. Transport cholesterol from liver to blood where it circulates until it is needed by cells. Function is to increase cholesterol level when level is too low

Question 13

What does a diet high in saturated fat do

Answer 13

Raises LDL level so Moore cholesterol is transported to the blood, increasing total blood cholesterol and increasing risk of chd

Question 14

What does a diet high in polyunsaturated fat do

Answer 14

Raises hdl level so more cholesterol transportd from blood to liver decreasing total blood cholesterol level and decreasing chd risk

Question 15

Define health

Answer 15

State of physical mental and social well being and the absence of disease

Question 16

Define disease

Answer 16

A malfunction of the body or mind which causes symptoms. Impairment of normal functioning

Question 17

What causes malaria

Answer 17

Parasite plasmodium which is eukaryotic and single felled. Transmitted by Mosquitos which are the vectors, they spread the disease but don’t cause it themselves but they spread infection by transferring the pathogen from one host to another

Question 18

What causes tuberculosis

Answer 18

Bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis.spreads by droplet infection, when an infected person coughs or sneezes tiny droplets of saliva and mucus containing the bacteria are released from their mouth and nose which are breathed in by other people. Many people with tb don’t show symptoms unless they become weakened eg by another disease or malnutrition and the disease will then become active, theyll show symptoms and be able to pass on the infection

Question 19

What’s HIV stand for

Answer 19

Human immunodeficiency virus

Question 20

What’s aids stand for

Answer 20

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Question 21

How does HIV infect people

Answer 21

It infects white look cells and can only reproduce inside cells of organism it has infected. After virus has reproduced it kills white blood cells as it leaves

Question 22

WHat are the three effects of smoking on the cardiovascular system

Answer 22

Atherosclerosis chd and stroke

Question 23

How does smoking cause atherosclerosis

Answer 23

Cigarette smoke contains nicotine which causes an increase in blood pressure. Increased blood pressure can cause damage to the arterie, leading to the formation of atheromas. When damage occurs to an artery white blood cells build up and harden at the damaged site forming an atheromas which partially blocks the lumen so restricts blood flow. Atherosclerosis is hardening of arteries due to atheromas

Question 24

How does smoking cause chd

Answer 24

Atheromas caused by increased blood pressure caused by nicotine in cigarette smoke reduces the amount of oxygen the heart gets as it restricts blood floe. This can cause chest pain or a heart attack. Nicotine also makes platelets sticky which increases the chance of blood clots forming and if clots form in the arterie it can cause heart attacks

Question 25

How does smoking cause strokes

Answer 25

They are rapid loss of brain function due to disruption of the blood supply to the brain. Can be caused by a blood clot in the artery leading to r brain which reduces mound of oxygen available to the brain. Nicotine increases risk of clots forming. Carbon monoxide also increases risk as reduces amount of oxygen available as it irreversibly binds to haemoglobin

Question 26

How does smoking cause emphysema

Answer 26

Lung disease. Foreign particles in smoke become trapped in the alveoli. This causes inflammation which encourages phagocytes to the area which produces an enzyme which destroys the alveolar walls so the elasticity is lost. This reduces the surface area so rate of gas exchange decreases.

Question 27

Describe bacterial resistance to antibiotics

Answer 27

Infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria such as MRSA are harder o treat and take doctors long time to work out which antibiotic work best. Also may come point where bacteria is resistant to all known antibiotics so need to develop new ones which is expensive and time consuming

Question 28

Describe pesticide resistance

Answer 28

Crop infestations with pesticide resistant insects are harder to control so the crop could be destroyed. They might have to use broad pesticides which would kill non pest insects too or develop new pesticides which takes time and money