Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutrition > Diet and GI Disease > Flashcards

Diet and GI Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is eosinophilic esophagitis?

A

chronic allergic inflammatory condition with eosinophilic infiltration of the lining of the esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are characteristics of eosinophilic esophagitis?

A

long-term damage including scarring and strictures
odynophagia or dysphagia (may result in food impaction, inability to eat, reflux)

Reflux can cause further irritation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is eosinophilic esophagitis treated?

A

medication
diet changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What dietary modifications can be made to treat eosinophilic esophagitis?

A

Removing allergy causing foods
SFED
Elemental diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the key characteristics of the six-food elimination diet?

A

diet based on removing six most common allergy-causing foods: milk, wheat, eggs, soy, peanuts/tree nuts, fish/shellfish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are benefits of the SFED?

A

improves disease process in a majority of patients (histologic response in 69% of patients, symptom response in 87% of patients)
no other restrictions other than allergy foods in terms of diet unless specified by provider

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a elemental diet?

A

Diet based on nutrient-enriched amino acid formulas

amino acids mixed with sugars, fats, minerals, and vitamins totally replace table food
usually for a short period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what population is elemental diet used more often in?

A

children (but can be used in adults)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the benefit of the elemental diet?

A

improves disease in majority of patients (95% histologic, 100% symptom)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

disease characterized by recurrent retrograde acid reflux in the esophagus

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are symptoms of GERD?

A

burning pain, often shortly after eating, difficulty swallowing, regurgitation of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are complications of GERD?

A

long-term damage to esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how can GERD be treated?

A

lifestyle changes
medication
diet changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

chronic recurring upper abdominal discomfort

A

dyspepsia (symptom not diagnosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

a patient can be diagnosed with _____ if dyspepsia without other symptoms

A

functional dyspepsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are manifestations of dyspepsia?

A

burning pain, bloating, early satiety, gassiness, nausea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

open sores form on mucosal membrane of the stomach or duodenum

A

peptic ulcer disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are causes of peptic ulcer disease?

A

NSAID use
H. pylori
gastrinomas

19
Q

how is peptic ulcer disease treated?

A

medication
surgery
diet changes

20
Q

how should macros be adjusted for patients with GERD, dyspepsia, and PUD?

A

carbs-avoidance of simple carbs and increase of fiber (mediterranean diet)
protein- nothing for or against
fats-high-fat and fried foods may trigger symptoms

21
Q

What is patient diet education for GERD, dyspepsia, PUD?

A

avoidance of trigger foods:
generally acidic foods, spicy foods, gastric irritants, others

Avoid alcohol (can increase likelihood of peptic ulcer formation)
Dairy is associated with lower risk
CAM/herbals: curcumin, ginger, peppermint oil can relieve GI symptoms

Acidic foods: tomato-based foods, citrus foods, carbonated beverages
spicy foods: capsaicin-related
gastric irritants: coffee, tea, tobacco, alcohol, peppermint
others-fried or fatty foods, large meals, chocolate

22
Q

what are lifestyle modifications for patients with GERD?

A

small, frequent meals
avoiding laying down flat after eating
elevating head of bed
quitting tobacco, alcohol, caffeine
avoiding tight clothing
weight loss of 10% or more (has most evidence to support)

23
Q

foods high in non-digestable fiber that promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria

A

prebiotics

24
Q

food containing live commensal organisms associated with health benefits

A

probiotics

25
Q

what are common strains of probiotics?

A

lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, saccharomyces, non-pathogenic strains of E-Coli

Lactobacilli often in dairy products
bifidobacterium growth encouraged by fructo-oligosaccharides

26
Q

What is a negative aspect of probiotics?

A

wide variation in quality control of products, some may even have pathogenic bacteria

27
Q

symptom based disorder characterized by one or more of the following: infrequent stools, hard stools, difficult stool passage

A

constipation

28
Q

what can constipation be associated with?

A

-hemorrhoids
-diverticulosis
-anal fissures

Many potential causes

29
Q

What is a cornerstone of constipation treatment?

A

increasing fiber intake with goal of 30 g/day

30
Q

What foods can be good for constipation?

A

-fruit and vegetable fiber with good blend of soluble and insoluble fibers
-dried fruits particularly prunes (contain sorbitol), but may be associated with increased gas/bloating
-bran cereals, whole grain products

31
Q

If a patient is not willing to eat naturally occuring fiber, what supplements can be used?

A

fiber additives: dextrin, methylcellulose, psyllium, calcium polycarbophil

32
Q

what are side effects of fiber additives?

A

gas, bloating, flatulence, abdominal pain

33
Q

If _____ is poor, constipation symptoms are still likely even with adequate fiber intake

A

hydration status

fiber increases stool bulk by absorbing water so goal intake is 1.5-2 L of fluid per day

34
Q

what lifestyle modification/supplement can help with constipation?

A

physical activity

Probiotics (not strongly backed by evidence)

35
Q

3 or more loose, watery stools per day

A

diarrhea

36
Q

what are causes of diarrhea?

A

infection, inflammation, altered neurohormonal signals, altered GI secretions

37
Q

when is diarrhea considered chronic?

A

if going on for greater than 4 weeks

38
Q

if diarrhea is acute, what is the most likely cause?

A

infection

39
Q

what are helpful dietary guidelines for diarrhea?

A

maintain hydration with electrolyte rich fluids
BRAT(Y) diet
Probiotics may help: often recommended prophylactically with abx

40
Q

What is the BRAT (Y) diet?

A

Bananas, rice, applesauce, toast
+/- yogurt with active cultures, no added sugars, or artificial sweeteners

Not for long term chronic diarrhea because is not nutritionally complete

41
Q

what are potential causes of chronic diarrhea?

A

infectious, medication-related, inflammatory, food intolerance, pancreatic disorders

42
Q

What is recommended for chronic diarrhea?

A

low-FODMAP diet

43
Q

what is low-FODMAP diet?

A

restricting fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols
–>thought to increase gas, bloating, and abdominal pain including sugar alcohols, wheat, milk, several fruits and veggies

temporary elimination diet where foods are removed and gradually re-introduced to see which foods are tolerated vs not

Probiotics but weak/limited evidence

44
Q
A

Nutrition (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions