Diet and DM Flashcards
What percent of people in the US have DM?
1 in every 11
What percent of people with DM are undiagnosed?
8.1
What is nutritional medicine?
nutrients are required for the proper functioning all biochemical processes within our bodies
How many DM patients have a nutrition visit with their physician?
9.1%
What are the major factors that determine the type of dietary plan for diabetics?
Type of DM, and the age
What are the four goals of MNT plans for DM pts?
- improve overall health
- Attain glycemic, BP, and lipid goals
- Lose and maintain lost weight
- Delay/prevent DM complications
What type of food has the highest effect on postprandial glucose levels?
carbs
What is level I carb counting?
Avoiding sweets and limiting carbs by carb counting
What is level II carb counting?
- Understanding how BG levels are affected and managed by food, meds, and exercise
- Focused on pattern management and reducing body weight
What is level III carb counting? Who is this appropriate for?
teaching how to calculate CHO to insulin ratios when using injections
For type I
What is the starting goal level of carbs at meals and at snacks?
45-60 grams at meals
15-20 with snacks
What is one serving of carbs?
15g
True or false: the glycemic index measures the quality of the food consumed
True
The glycemic index is ranked on a 0-100 scale. What is a low GI? Medium? High?
55 or lower = low
56-69 = medium
70+ = high
Why eat low GI foods?
Lowers the rapid increase in BG levels, and lowering the insulin response
What factors of fruits affect their GI level?
More ripe = higher GI
Processing = higher GI
How can cooking affect GI?
Cooking longer has a higher GI
What is the effect of adding fats and fiber to food in terms of the GI?
Lowers
Does Carb counting or GI factor in calories?
no
Does a lower GI mean better carb?
No– chocolate and brown rice have same GI
What is glycemic load?
Quality (GI) of the carb + quantity of carbs
What is the equation for glycemic load?
GI*(grams of carbs) / 100
What are the low, medium, and high ranges for the glycemic load calculation?
less than 10 = low
11-19 = medium
20+ = high
Are high protein diets beneficial to DM pts?
No
What are the guidelines for protein intake for DM pts who have no evidence of renal impairment?
No different than healthy individuals— 18-20% of daily caloric intake
What are the guidelines for protein intake in DM pts who have underlying renal disease?
Avoid high protein diet—limit to 1g/kg body weight per day
What are the fat intake recommendations for DM pts?
Same as healthy individuals–20-35% of daily caloric intake, with an avoidance of saturated fats
What percent of deaths in DM result from heart disease/stroke?
80%
What type of fats have benefits?
Long chain omega-3 FAs
What were the four groups used in the diabetes prevention program?
- Lifestyle interventions (diet and exercise)
- Metformin
- Troglitazone
- Placebo
What were the results of the Diabetes prevention program?
Prediabetics can delay the onset of DM best with exercise, or less so with metformin use
Who did metformin help in the DPP study?
Under 45 yo
