Diet And Digestion

Question 1

7 nutrient groups

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water, fibre

Question 2

What do carbohydrates do?

Answer 2

Provide us with energy

Question 3

What does protein do?

Answer 3

Growth and repair

Question 4

What does fat do?

Answer 4

Energy insulation

Question 5

What do minerals do?

Answer 5

Calcium - bones and teeth

Iron - red blood cells

Question 6

What do vitamins do?

Answer 6

Vitamin A - good eye sight
Vitamin C - healthy skin and gums
Vitamin D - absorption of calcium for bones and teeth

Question 7

What does fibre do?

Answer 7

Adds bulk to food and keeps gut healthy

Question 8

What does water do?

Answer 8

Water makes up 70% of body, used as solvent and the major transport

Question 9

Test for starch (Iodine test)

Answer 9

Iodine turns from orange/yellow to blue/black

Question 10

Test for sugar (Benedicts test)

Answer 10

Benedicts solution turns from blue to green to brick red

Question 11

Test for protein (biuret test)

Answer 11

Dilute sodium hydroxide and copper turns from a pale blue to violet

Question 12

Test for fat (emulsion test)

Answer 12

Water with ethanol will become cloudy, especially at the top of the test tube

Question 13

Test for fat (paper spot test)

Answer 13

Fat will leave a greasy, translucent stain on the paper

Question 14

What does the amylase enzyme do?

Answer 14

Breaks down carbohydrates

Question 15

What does the protease enzyme do?

Answer 15

Breaks down proteins into amino acids

Question 16

What does lipase enzyme do?

Answer 16

Breaks down fats into fatty acids an glycerol

Question 17

Calculation for 1 g of food

Answer 17

Rise in temperature x volume of water x 4.2

Question 18

How many kJ in 1g of protein, fat and carbs?

Answer 18

Protein = 17kJ
Carbs = 17kJ
Fat = 38kJ

Question 19

What are the different teeth and their functions?

Answer 19

Incisors - front of mouth, used for biting food
Canines - side of mouth, used for stabbing prey
Premolars and molars - back of mouth, used for grinding

Question 20

How is tooth decay caused?

Answer 20

Bacteria in your mouth breaks down sugar and produces acid

Question 21

How can you prevent tooth decay

Answer 21

Eat less sugar, brush teeth regularly, use mouthwash etc

Question 22

How many milk and adult teeth do you have

Answer 22

You get 20 milk teeth then 32 adult teeth

Question 23

5 stages in digestion

Answer 23

1. Ingestion - food is taken in through the the mouth
2. Digestion - the food is broken down into soluble substances
3. Absorption - the soluble products are absorbed into bloodstream and transported round the body
4. Assimilation - soluble products of digestion are taken into the cells where they are used
5. Egestion - removal of waste food - (defecation)

Question 24

How does food pass through mouth to stomach

Answer 24

By peristalsis

Question 25

How is food digested?

Answer 25

Mechanically, by our teeth, tongue and stomach, and then chemically by enzymes

Question 26

What happens after food is digested?

Answer 26

Digested food is absorbed into the bloodstream in the small intestine across the villi. The villi increases the surface area of the small intestine, are good and have a good blood supply.