diet Flashcards
definition of balanced diet
a variety of different types of food (list all seven) providing the right amounts of nutrition necessary
7 components of a balanced diet
-carbohydrates
-protein
-lipids and fats
-vitamins
-minerals
-water
-fibre
carbohydrates:chemical elements, structure, source, function, deficiency disease
chemical elements - C H O
structure - starch, glycogen
source - (starch) potato, pasta
(glucose)chocolate, sweets
function - energy
deficiency disease - headaches, fatigue, weakness
lipids: chemical elements, structure, source, function, deficiency disease
chemical elements - C H O
structure - fatty acids glycogen
source - oils, nuts, avocado
function - energy storage, protection of organs, insulation
deficiency disease - rashes, hair loss, weaker immune system
protein: chemical elements, structure, source, function, deficiency disease
chemical elements - C H O N
structure - amino acids
source - meat, pulses, beans
function - growth + repair, enzymes
deficiency disease - weakness, fatigue
water: source, function, deficiency disease
source - food + drink
function - transportation around body, reactions happen in fluids
deficiency disease - dehydration
fibre: source, function, deficiency disease
source - whole grain foods, cereals, fruit + veg
function - prevents constipation, helps peristalsis
deficiency disease - constipation, heart disease, irritable bowl syndrome (IBS)
minerals: Iron: source, function, deficiency disease
source - red meat, spinach
function - production of haemoglobins
deficiency disease - aneamia
minerals: Calcium: source, function, deficiency disease
source - dairy products
function - bone + teeth development
deficiency disease - rickets
vitamins: A: source, function, deficiency disease
source - carrots, fish liver oil, liver
function - pigment in vision
deficiency disease - night blindness
vitamins: C: source, function, deficiency disease
source - citrus fruits, broccoli, green veg
function - healthy skin, wound healing (gums)
deficiency disease - scurvy
vitamins: D: source, function, deficiency disease
source - made in skin by acting sun, fish liver oil, dairy products
function - helps absorption of calcium
deficiency disease - rickets
food test for carbohydrates ( starch ) and positive result
add iodine to solution, positive result is orange to dark blue/black
food test for carbohydrates ( glucose)
add benedicts solution then put tube in boiling water, positive result is blue to brick red
food test for protein
add biuret solution, blue to light purple
food test for fat
-dissolve in ethanol and pour into cold water, positive result is emulsion/seperation
add Sudan 111 to solution, positive result is seperation
energy requirements for age, activity level and pregnancy
age - as you get older you will need to use more energy until after puberty when the amount of energy needed decreases
activity level - the more activity level you do is the more energy
pregnancy - if you are pregnant you need more energy
energy requirements for age, activity level and pregnancy
age - as you get older you will need to use more energy until after puberty when the amount of energy needed decreases
activity level - the more activity level you do is the more energy you need
pregnancy - if you are pregnant you need more energy
calorimeter
- burn food and measure heat increase in water
-measure mass of the food sample before burning - heat gained ÷ mass = energy per gram
