Diebel UTIs Flashcards

1
Q

E. coli

A
gram -
bacilli
catalase +
oxidase -
reduces nitrates --> nitrites
urease -
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2
Q

surface adhesins

A

e. coli

facilitate binding to epithelial cells (colonization

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3
Q

P fimbriae

A

e. coli

interacts with receptor on renal epithelial cells (impt for pyelonephritis)

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4
Q

Type 1 pilus

A

e. coli
binds to uroplakins on luminal surface of bladder uroepithelial cells (impt for cystitis)
*not always expressed

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5
Q

urease + organisms

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Proteus mirabilis

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6
Q

staph saphrophyticus

A

gram +

cocci

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7
Q

klebsiella pneumonia

A
gram - 
bacilli
lactose fermenting
facultative anaerobe
capsule
urease +
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8
Q

proteus mirabilis

A

gram -
bacilli
facultative anaerobe
urease +

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9
Q

enterococcus

A

gram +
bacilli
catalase -
urease -

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10
Q

citrobacter species

A

can cause some uncomplicated and complicated UTIs ok sure

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11
Q

1 cause uncomplicated UTI

A

e. coli

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12
Q

1 cause complicated UTI

A

e. coli

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13
Q

2 cause of UTIs in sexually active young women

A

staph saphrophyticus

5-15% cases of UTI

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14
Q

3 cause of uncomplicated UTI

A

klebsiella

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15
Q

acinetobacter species

A

can cause some complicated UTIs ok sure

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16
Q

weirdo causes of complicated UTIs

A
klebsiella pneumoniae
proteus mirabilis
citrobacter 
acinetobacter
morganella
pseudomonas aeruginosa
17
Q

UTIs caused by what type of bacteria

A

enteric

18
Q

gold standard for UTI dx

A

urine culture

19
Q

first line tx for uncomplicated UTI in females

A

nitrofurantoin or TMP/SMX

20
Q

first line tx for uncomplicated UTI in males

A

fluoroquinolones or TMP/SMX

21
Q

tx of complicated UTIs

A

should be personalized and guided by urine culture results

22
Q

infection barriers

A
  • acidity of urine
  • act of urination
  • immunological barriers
  • physical barriers (mucosal lining of urinary tract and urethral sphinctrer)
23
Q

> 90% of infections result from ________

A

bacteria ascending the urethra to bladder

24
Q

critical initial step in infection (in women)

A

colonization of vaginal introitus and periurethral area from gi tract organisms

25
Q

predisposing factors

A

urinary stasis
kindey stones
catheters
family hx (UTIs and pyelonephritis)

26
Q

definition of complicated UTI

A

underlying factors that predispose individuals to ascending bacterial infection –>

  • catheters
  • anatomic abnormalities
  • obstrux of urine/flow/poor bladder emptying (calculi, tumor, neurogenic, preg, prostatic enlarge, uterine prolapse, cystocele)
27
Q

risk factors in women

A
  • sex
  • hx of UTIs
  • diaphragm/spermicide use
  • abx (alter normal vaginal flora –> allows overgrowth of e. coli)