Diebel UTIs Flashcards

1
Q

E. coli

A
gram -
bacilli
catalase +
oxidase -
reduces nitrates --> nitrites
urease -
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2
Q

surface adhesins

A

e. coli

facilitate binding to epithelial cells (colonization

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3
Q

P fimbriae

A

e. coli

interacts with receptor on renal epithelial cells (impt for pyelonephritis)

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4
Q

Type 1 pilus

A

e. coli
binds to uroplakins on luminal surface of bladder uroepithelial cells (impt for cystitis)
*not always expressed

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5
Q

urease + organisms

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Proteus mirabilis

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6
Q

staph saphrophyticus

A

gram +

cocci

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7
Q

klebsiella pneumonia

A
gram - 
bacilli
lactose fermenting
facultative anaerobe
capsule
urease +
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8
Q

proteus mirabilis

A

gram -
bacilli
facultative anaerobe
urease +

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9
Q

enterococcus

A

gram +
bacilli
catalase -
urease -

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10
Q

citrobacter species

A

can cause some uncomplicated and complicated UTIs ok sure

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11
Q

1 cause uncomplicated UTI

A

e. coli

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12
Q

1 cause complicated UTI

A

e. coli

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13
Q

2 cause of UTIs in sexually active young women

A

staph saphrophyticus

5-15% cases of UTI

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14
Q

3 cause of uncomplicated UTI

A

klebsiella

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15
Q

acinetobacter species

A

can cause some complicated UTIs ok sure

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16
Q

weirdo causes of complicated UTIs

A
klebsiella pneumoniae
proteus mirabilis
citrobacter 
acinetobacter
morganella
pseudomonas aeruginosa
17
Q

UTIs caused by what type of bacteria

18
Q

gold standard for UTI dx

A

urine culture

19
Q

first line tx for uncomplicated UTI in females

A

nitrofurantoin or TMP/SMX

20
Q

first line tx for uncomplicated UTI in males

A

fluoroquinolones or TMP/SMX

21
Q

tx of complicated UTIs

A

should be personalized and guided by urine culture results

22
Q

infection barriers

A
  • acidity of urine
  • act of urination
  • immunological barriers
  • physical barriers (mucosal lining of urinary tract and urethral sphinctrer)
23
Q

> 90% of infections result from ________

A

bacteria ascending the urethra to bladder

24
Q

critical initial step in infection (in women)

A

colonization of vaginal introitus and periurethral area from gi tract organisms

25
predisposing factors
urinary stasis kindey stones catheters family hx (UTIs and pyelonephritis)
26
definition of complicated UTI
underlying factors that predispose individuals to ascending bacterial infection --> - catheters - anatomic abnormalities - obstrux of urine/flow/poor bladder emptying (calculi, tumor, neurogenic, preg, prostatic enlarge, uterine prolapse, cystocele)
27
risk factors in women
- sex - hx of UTIs - diaphragm/spermicide use - abx (alter normal vaginal flora --> allows overgrowth of e. coli)