Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CRRAB II- Week 2 > Diebel- Bacterial UTI > Flashcards

Diebel- Bacterial UTI Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main defenses of the UT?

A
  1. Urine flow
  2. Urine chemistry (Acidic, lysozyme, lactoferrin)
  3. Different cell surface proteins on epithelial cells in the UT vs the GI tract
  4. Secretory IgA in UT
  5. Normal flora
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are major threats to the urinary system?

A
  1. Micro-organisms that move form GI tract to the urinary system
  2. Community acquired- normal biota, Hospital- catheter insertion
  3. Immune system malfunciton> glomerular nephritis (Inappropriate IS response> type II/III hypersensitivities > kidney damage)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are sxs of cystitis?

A

Acute uncomplicated UTI

Sudden onset
pain
burining
dysuria
frequent urges to urinate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What causes cloudy urine seen with cystitis?

A
  1. WBC

2. Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What causes orange-tinged urine?

A

Infections break epithelial lining> blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What sx is indicative of pyelonephritis? What happens if it’s inadequately treated?

A

back pain

septicemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What percent of UTI are caused by bacteria of hte normal biota of the GI tract?

A

95%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most common bacteria causing UTI? what other bacteria are also common?

A

E. coli

staph saprophyticus
enterococcus
klebsiella pneumoniae
proteus mirabilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are the e.coli that cause UTI the same species that cause diarrhea?

A

NO

e. coli that cause UTI are species of the normal flora of the GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What causes UTI in children?

A

anatomic or functional abnormalities–> blockage of UF–> micro-orgs take hold and grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can use UTI in men?

A

Obstruction from an enlarged prostate> prostatits and epidyimitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does E. Coli colonization depend on? How does it cause disease?

A

Specific adhesions on the ends of long fimbriae–> colonization>
inflammation>
tissue damage and disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How much more common is UTI in women than men?

A

10x-50x

Pass organ to organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nosocomial UTIs are associated with?

A

Urinary catheters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you prevent UTI?

A

regular urination
good hygiene
cranberry juice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you tx UTI in women?

A

Nitrofurantoin- conc more in women, TMP-SMX

17
Q

How do you tx UTI in men?

A

fluoroquinolones, TMP-SMX

18
Q

How do you diagnose UTI?

A

Presence of bacteria in the urine and the host inflammatory response to finection

19
Q

What are common laboratory findings for uncomplicated UTIs?

A

Pyuria- 10 or more neutrophils per high power field (midstream urine)

Bacteriuria- > 10^5 CFU per mL from midstream urine

20
Q

Why can colony counts often be much lower with complicated UTIs?

A

Sign that the bacteria has progressed out of the bladder to hte kidney

21
Q

What is a selective media?

A

Compounds that selectively inhibit growth of some microbes but not others

22
Q

What is a differential media?

A

Contains an indicator, usually a dye that detects particular chemical reactions/metabolic pathways occurring during growth

23
Q

What is thiglycolate agar used for?

A

Measures abilitly of microorg to utilize O2

24
Q

What are sugar fermentation broths used for?

A

detect whether microorg uses sugar

25
Q

What is blood agar used for?

A

Hemolysis profile of microorg

26
Q

If you have a gram + occus from a urine sample, how do you determine staph or strep?

A

Catalase test!

27
Q

What is the purpose of a catalase test?

A

Differentiate between catalase positive micrococall and staphylococcal species from catalase negative strep species

28
Q

How does a catalase test work?

A

If you put a small inoculum of bacteria into hydrogen bacteria you know catalase is present if there is a RAPID RELEASE of oxygen bubbles. The LACK of ctalase is evident by a lack of or weak bubble production.

Aerobic and facultative anaerobic orgs produce ROS species (H2O2 and 02) during normal metabolism. They have multiple enzymes that detoxify the products of normal metabolism. CATALASE can convert hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.

29
Q

How do you determine if a bacteria is s. aureus or s. saprophyticus?

A

Coagulase test!

30
Q

What is a coagulate test used for?

A

Differentiate between s. aureus (POSITIVE) from coag negative staph (saphrophyticus, epidermidis)

31
Q

How does a coagulase test work?

A

S. Aureus–> coagulation
S. epi/sapro–> stays liquid

S. aureus produces TWO forms of coagulase bound and free.

BOUND COAGULASE (clumping factor) is bound to the bacterial cell wall and reacts directly w/ FIBRINOGEN. This leads to precipitation of fibrinogen on the staphylococcal cell which leads cells to CLUMP when a bacterial suspension is mixed in the plasma.

32
Q

How do you determine if a bacteria is s. epidermidis or s. saprophyticus?

A

Novobiocin sensitivity

33
Q

How does a novobiocin sensitivity test work?

A

S. saprophyticus is resistant to novobiocin while S. epidermidis is sensitive. Therefore S epidermidis won’t grow where the drug is.

Novobiocin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase in susceptible microorgs and blocks their ability to grow and divide.

34
Q

What pathogen most likely causes itching and vaginal discharge following a UTI?

A

Candida albicans

After taking antibiotics women are susceptible to yeast infections.

35
Q

Why is a drop in pH often seen with yeast infections?

A

Yeast undergoes fermentation as part of hte metabolic cycle of growth and releases acidic byproducts from metabolism.

36
Q

What UTI causing microorganism causes abundant white cells in the urine and gama hemolysis with a white growth?

A

Staph saprophyticus (MC in young women)

Enterococcus)

37
Q

What does macConkey agar do?

A
  1. Selects against growth of gram + orgs so only gram NEGATIVE can grow
  2. Differentiates among gram - based on LACTOSE fermentation
38
Q

What is the difference between fermentors and non-fermentors on a macconkey agar plate?

A

Fermentors- colonies are reddish pink

non-fermentors- colorless

39
Q

How does e. coli relate to indole and lactose fermentation?

A

indole +

lactose fermentation +

CRRAB II- Week 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions