Dictatorship Of CPS

Question 1

What did the Cinvention do in September and October to calm the popular movement ?

Answer 1

In sept 1793 convention decreed general assemblies would only meet sections twice a week

October passed a decree that government was revolutionary until peace and suspension of constitution of 1793

Question 2

What and when was the law of frimaire ?

Answer 2

4 December 1793
Gave CPS and CGS full executive powers
Was step to restoring central control and establishing revolutionary government
All revolutionary armies disbanded except in Paris

Question 3

What was the role of CGS under law of frimaire ?

Answer 3

Responsible for police and internal security

Controlled the revolutionary tribunal and surveillance committees

Question 4

What was the role of CPS under law of frimaire ?

Answer 4

More extensive powers
Controlled ministers and generals and foreign policy

Also controlled representatives on mission

Question 5

The law of frimaire also introduced agents nationaux what were they?

Answer 5

National agents appointed by and responsible to central government
Monitored enforcement of all revolutionary laws
Chief officials of communes and departments out under their control

Question 6

What did policies or law of frimaire lead to ?

Answer 6

End of anarchy
end of San culottes power
First strong government since 1787

Question 7

What side did Herbert’s opposition come from?

Answer 7

Left

Question 8

What did herbertistes demand ?

Answer 8

Execution of hoarders and property redistributed

Question 9

Who supported herbertistes ?

Answer 9

Few supported on the convention but many In cordeliers and commune and revolutionary army in Paris

Question 10

What did Herbert do in March 1793 causing his execution ?

Answer 10

Called for an insurrection in March 1793 and wad arrested with some supporters accused of being foreign agents who wNted military dictatorship

Question 11

What did convention do after execution of herbertistes in March 1793

Answer 11

Parisian revolutionary army disbanded and cordeliers club closed
Popular societies forced to disband
Commune purged and filled with supporters of Robespierre

Question 12

What side was Dantons and Desmoulin opposition?

Answer 12

Right

Question 13

Who was Danton ?

Answer 13

Former colleague of Robespierre and leading jacobin/montagnard

Question 14

What were Dantons supporters called?

Answer 14

Indulgents

Question 15

What did indulgents want ?

Answer 15

End to terror and centralisation

Question 16

Who supported Danton?

Answer 16

Large following in the Convention unlike Herbert so was harder to remove this opposition and was considered higher threat
His call for peace implied desire for return of monarchy

Question 17

How did Ribespierre remove danton and Desmoulin

Answer 17

They were brought before revolutionary tribunal on charges based on political record and in April 1794 executed

Question 18

When was the great terror?

Answer 18

From 10 June to 27 July 1794

Question 19

What was the great terror?

Answer 19

Centred on Paris

To control repression the government abolished provincial revolutionary tribunals

Question 20

When was law of Prairial ?

Answer 20

10 June 1794

Question 21

What was the law of Prairial ?

Answer 21

Directed against enemies of the people
Definitions so broad anyone could be classed as an enemy
No witnesses could be called and judgement was made on conscience of jurors not evidence
Defendants not allowed defence
Only death or acquittal were verdicts
No fair trial

Question 22

Why did Robespierre lost support from Catholics ?

Answer 22

Because of his cult of supreme being

Catholics felt he as ignoring the catholic doctrine and the pope and that he was setting himself up as high priest

Question 23

Why did Robespierre set up the cult of the supreme being?

Answer 23

Because he hated dechristianisation and wanted to unite Frenchmen in a new religion a replacement for Catholicism

Question 24

When was the cult of supr e being passed as law?

Answer 24

7th may 1794

Question 25

Why did CGS and anti clericalism hate the cult of supreme being?

Answer 25

Felt it was first step to re introduction of Roman Catholicism

Question 26

Why did Robespierre lost support from sans culottes ?

Answer 26

Execution of herbertistes as they had supported them
dissolution of popular societies
End of direct democracy 
Raising of maximum 
Imposing of maximum on wages

Question 27

What happened on 26 July 1794 and why did it arouse suspicion fro Robespierre ?

Answer 27

Robespierre addressed the convention attacking colleagues claiming they were plotting against the government when asked to name people here refused
People in the convention now afraid they’d be named plotted against him

Question 28

What happened 27th July 1794?

Answer 28

Robespierre attempted to speak again but was shouted down

Convention then vote for his arrest he was taken to prisons controlled by the commune

Question 29

How successful was the terror?

Answer 29

Federal revolts 
Food supplies were moving into towns 
Value of assignation was rising 
French armies doing well in war
Conventions committee could now claw back power from sans culottes

Question 30

How successful was the terror?

Answer 30

Federal revolts crushed
Food supplies moving into towns
Value  of assignat rising 
French armies doing well
Therefore was renewed confidence and convention could clam back power from sans culottes