dict 2b Flashcards
derma
the thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis that forms the true skin, containing blood capillaries, nerve endings, sweat glands, hair follicles, and other structures.
dermabrasion
a technique that uses a wire brush or a diamond wheel with rough edges (called a burr or fraise) to remove the upper layers of the skin. The brush or burr rotates rapidly, taking off and leveling (abrading or planing) the top layers of the skin.
derrick
a lifting device composed of one tower, or guyed mast such as a pole which is hinged freely at the bottom.
derring do
action displaying heroic courage.
derringer
a small pistol that has a large bore and is very effective at close range.
dervish
omeone treading a Sufi Muslim ascetic path or “Tariqah”, known for their extreme poverty and austerity. In this respect, dervishes are most similar to mendicant friars in Christianity or Hindu/Buddhist/Jain sadhus
descender
he portion of a letter that extends below the baseline of a font. The line that it reaches down to is known as the beard line.
desi
Word derived from Sanskrit. Means “one from our country”; a national opposed to a foreign. Usually refers to people from India, Pakistan, & Bangladesh.
dessicant
a hygroscopic substance that induces or sustains a state of dryness (desiccation) in its vicinity. Commonly encountered pre-packaged are solids that adsorb water.
desultory
lacking a plan, purpose, or enthusiasm.
detrition
the action of wearing away by friction
detumesenre
the process of subsiding from a state of tension, swelling, or (especially) sexual arousal.
dewclaw
a digit – vestigial in some animals – on the foot of many mammals, birds, and reptiles (including some extinct orders, like certain theropods). It commonly grows high on the leg such that in digitigrade species, when the animal is standing, it does not make contact with the ground.
dewlap
a longitudinal flap of skin that hangs beneath the lower jaw or neck of many vertebrates. While the term is usually used in this specific context, it can also be used to include other structures occurring in the same body area with a similar aspect, such as those caused by a double chin or the submandibular vocal sac of a frog. I
dharma
the order that makes life and universe possible,[8][note 1] and includes duties, rights, laws, conduct, virtues and ‘‘right way of living’’.[7] In Buddhism it means “cosmic law and order”,[8] but is also applied to the teachings of the Buddha.[8] In Buddhist philosophy, it is also the term for “phenomena
dhyana
means meditation which is “a deeper awareness of oneness which is inclusive of perception of body, mind, senses and surroundings, yet remaining unidentified with it”.[web 1] It is taken up after preceding exercises,[1] and leads to samadhi and self-knowledge, separating māyā from reality to help attain the ultimate goal of mokṣa.
diadem
a jeweled crown or headband worn as a symbol of sovereignty.
dhanma
explode, burst
dialectic
the art of investigating or discussing the truth of opinions. // inquiry into metaphysical contradictions and their solutions.
dialogism
recognises the multiplicity of perspectives and voices. It is also referred to as ‘double-voiced’ or ‘multi-voiced’. It is a ‘principle’ which can become the main referent of a particular aesthetic field. Each character has their own final word, but it relates to and interacts with those of other characters. Discourse does not logically unfold (as in analytical philosophy), but rather, interacts. This makes dialogical works a lot more ‘objective’ and ‘realistic’ than their monological counterparts, since they don’t subordinate reality to the ideology of the author.
diana
the goddess of the hunt, the moon and birthing, being associated with wild animals and woodland, and having the power to talk to and control animals.w
dianetics
divides the mind into three parts: the conscious “analytical mind,” the subconscious “reactive mind,” and the somatic mind.[3] The goal here is to remove the “reactive mind,” which Scientologists believe prevents people from becoming more ethical, more aware, happier and saner. The Dianetics procedure to achieve this is called “auditing”.[4] Auditing is a process whereby a series of questions are asked by the Scientology auditor, in an attempt to rid the audited person of the painful experiences of the past, which Scientologists believe to be the cause of the “reactive mind”.
diaphragm
a cervical barrier type of birth control. It is a soft latex or silicone dome with a spring molded into the rim. The spring creates a seal against the walls of the vagina.
diastole
the part of the cardiac cycle when the heart refills with blood following systole (contraction). Ventricular is the period during which the ventricles are filling and relaxing, while atrial is the period during which the atria are relaxing.
diatonic
of, relating to, or being a musical scale (as a major or minor scale) comprising intervals of five whole steps and two half steps
diazepam
used to treat anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, or muscle spasms. Diazepam is sometimes used with other medications to treat seizures.
dicrotic
denoting a pulse in which a double beat is detectable for each beat of the heart.
diddle
pass time aimlessly or unproductively.
diet
it was the convention of the Imperial Estates, legal entities that, according to feudal law, had no authority above them besides the Holy Roman Emperor (or King of the Romans) himself.
diffraction
a modification which light undergoes especially in passing by the edges of opaque bodies or through narrow openings and in which the rays appear to be deflected; also : a similar modification of other waves (as sound waves) or of moving particles (as electrons)
digerati
the elite of the computer industry and online communities.
diglossia
refers to a situation in which two dialects or usually closely related languages are used by a single language community.
dik-dik
a small antelope in the genus Madoqua that lives in the bushlands of eastern and southern Africa.
dilation and corretage
a procedure to remove tissue from inside your uterus. Doctors perform this to diagnose and treat certain uterine conditions — such as heavy bleeding — or to clear the uterine lining after a miscarriage or abortion.
din
a loud, unpleasant and prolonged noise; make (someone) learn or remember something by constant repetition.
dinette
A small space within a dwelling, usually alongside a kitchen, used for informal dining; a dining alcove or nook.
dint
an impression or hollow in a surface.
diode
an electrical device allowing current to move through it in one direction with far greater ease than in the other. The most common kind of diode in modern circuit design is the semiconductor
diogenes
He believed that virtue was better revealed in action than in theory. Founder of cyncicism, he used his simple lifestyle and behaviour (which arguably resembled poverty) to criticize the social values and institutions of what he saw as a corrupt or at least confused society. In a highly non-traditional fashion, he had a reputation of sleeping and eating wherever he chose and took to toughening himself against nature. He declared himself a cosmopolitan and a citizen of the world rather than claiming allegiance to just one place.
diopter
in optics, unit of magnifying power of a lens or lens system. Because the power of a lens is proportional to unity (one) divided by the focal length (see lens), the power of a lens in diopters is numerically equal to 1 m divided by the focal length in metres.
dipthong
A complex vowel sound that begins with the sound of one vowel and ends with the sound of another vowel, in the same syllable.
For example: “ae”, “au”, “ou”
dipsomania
a historical term describing a medical condition involving an uncontrollable craving for alcohol.
diurnal
daily, of or during the day.
dirigible
capable of being steered, guided, or directed.
discursive
digressing from subject to subject.
disinter
dig up (something that has been buried, especially a corpse).
disjecta membra
scattered fragments, especially of written work.
dispensation
exemption from a rule or usual requirement. // a system of order, government, or organization of a nation, community, etc., especially as existing at a particular time.
disport
enjoy oneself unrestrainedly; frolic.
disquiet
a feeling of anxiety or worry. to make someone worry or anxious
dissemble
conceal one’s true motives, feelings, or beliefs.
dissipate
disperse or scatter. // squander or fritter away (money, energy, or resources).
distaff
a stick or spindle onto which wool or flax is wound for spinning.
of or concerning women.
distal
situated away from the center of the body or from the point of attachment.
disulfiram
Used as part of a treatment plan for problem drinking. Creates an unpleasant reaction when drinking alcohol, which reduces the desire to drink. This medicine is part of a recovery program that includes medical supervision and counseling.
ditheism
a belief in two gods, especially as independent and opposed principles of good and evil.
dither
be indecisive; add white noise to (a digital recording) to reduce distortion of low-amplitude signals.
dithyramb
a usually short poem in an inspired wild irregular strain
2
: a statement or writing in an exalted or enthusiastic vein
divan
a long low sofa without a back or arms, typically placed against a wall.
diverticulosis
a condition that develops when pouches (diverticula) form in the wall of the colon, part of the large intestine.
divest
rid oneself of something that one no longer wants or requires, such as a business interest or investment. // deprive (someone) of power, rights, or possessions.
dobro
a type of acoustic guitar with steel resonating disks inside the body under the bridge.
docent
a person who acts as a guide, typically on a voluntary basis, in a museum, art gallery, or zoo.
2.
(in certain universities and colleges) a member of the teaching staff immediately below professorial rank.
dodder
To shake or tremble, as from old age; totter. 2. To move in a feeble, unsteady manner.
doggerel
comic verse composed in irregular rhythm.
verse or words that are badly written or expressed.
dogie
a motherless or neglected calf.
dollop
a shapeless mass or blob of something, especially soft food.
dominant seventh
a chord composed of a root, major third, perfect fifth, and minor seventh. It can be also viewed as a major triad with an additional minor seventh.
donegal
a tweed sweater characterized by bright flecks randomly distributed on a background usually of light gray, originally woven in County Donegal, northwestern Ireland.
donnybrook
a scene of uproar and disorder; a heated argument.
doppler effect
the change in frequency of a wave (or other periodic event) for an observer moving relative to its source
doric
stood directly on the flat pavement (the stylobate) of a temple without a base; their vertical shafts were fluted with 20 parallel concave grooves; and they were topped by a smooth capital that flared from the column to meet a square abacus at the intersection with the horizontal beam (architrave) that they carried.
dormer
a structural element of a building that protrudes from the plane of a sloping roof surface. They are used, either in original construction or as later additions, to create usable space in the roof of a building by adding headroom and usually also by enabling addition of windows.
dorsal
Relating to the back or posterior of a structure. As opposed to the ventral, or front, of the structure.
dosha
Any of 3 principles: kapha (earth & fire), pitta (fire & water), and vata (ether & air), which, according to the Ayurvedic construct, are the constituents that orchestrate a person’s mental and physiologic functions, including metabolism and mind/body type
dossier
a collection of documents about a particular person, event, or subject.
dotage
the period of life in which a person is old and weak.
drop handlebars
bicycle handlebars of which the handles are bent below the rest of the bar, used especially on racing cycles.
dropsy
Edema-Swelling is the enlargement of organs, skin, or other body parts. It is caused by a buildup of fluid in the tissues. The extra fluid can lead to a rapid increase in weight over a short period of time (days to weeks).
dross
foreign matter, dregs, or mineral waste, in particular scum formed on the surface of molten metal.
dryad
a tree nymph, or female tree spirit, in Greek mythology
dry rot
wood decay caused by certain species of fungi that digest parts of the wood which give the wood strength and stiffness. It was previously used to describe any decay of cured wood in ships and buildings by a fungus which resulted in a darkly colored deteriorated and cracked condition.
ducat
any of various gold coins formerly issued in various parts of Europe, especially that first issued in Venice in 1284.
ducktail
Elvis/James Dean haircut /// hair style contributed to the term greasers: to accomplish this look, lots of pomade (hair grease) was required to hold the hair in place. This was still the era of hair creams, so it only required an increase in the amount to make hair remain in the desired style.
duct
a channel or tube for conveying something, in particular.
durian
nothing less than “hell on the outside and heaven on the inside.”
dutch door
a door divided into two parts horizontally, allowing one half to be shut and the other left open.
dyslalia
a speech defect caused by malformation of or imperfect distribution of nerves to the organs of articulation (as the tongue)
dysphasia
language disorder marked by deficiency in the generation of speech, and sometimes also in its comprehension, due to brain disease or damage.
dysphoria
a state of unease or generalized dissatisfaction with life.
dyne
a unit of force that, acting on a mass of one gram, increases its velocity by one centimeter per second every second along the direction that it acts.
dysentary
inflammation of the intestine causing diarrhea with blood.[1][2] Other symptoms may include fever, abdominal pain,[3] and rectal tenesmus (a feeling of incomplete defecation).
It is caused by a number of types of infection such as bacteria, viruses, parasitic worms, or protozoa. It is a type of gastroenteritis. The mechanism is an inflammatory disorder of the intestine, especially of the colon.
couble exposure
the superimposition of two or more exposures to create a single image
doublethink
the act of ordinary people simultaneously accepting two mutually contradictory beliefs as correct, often in distinct social contexts. Doublethink is related to, but differs from, hypocrisy and neutrality.
douse
pour a liquid over; drench.
dovetail
a joint formed by one or more tapered projections (tenons) on one piece that interlock with corresponding notches or recesses (mortises) in another.
dowel
a peg of wood, metal, or plastic without a distinct head, used for holding together components of a structure.
doxology
a liturgical formula of praise to God. a short hymn of praises to God in various Christian worship services
doyenne
a woman who is the most respected or prominent person in a particular field
draconian
(of laws or their application) excessively harsh and severe
draggle
trail behind others // make (something) dirty or wet, typically by trailing it through mud or water.
dragoon
coerce (someone) into doing something.
drm
a small drink of whiskey or other spirits
dreadnought
the predominant type of battleship in the early 20th century. a type of acoustic guitar body developed by guitar manufacturer C.F. Martin & Company.[1] The style has since been copied by other guitar manufacturers and is now a common style of guitar body.
dreck
rubbish; trash.
dredge
to dig, gather, or pull out with or as if with a dredge —often used with up
b : to deepen (as a waterway) with a dredging machine
2
: to bring to light by deep searching —often used with up
dripfeed
Administration of blood, plasma, saline, or sugar solutions, usually intravenously, a drop at a time.
drogue
a device external to a boat, attached to the stern and used to slow the boat down in a storm and to keep the hull perpendicular to the waves // thus the drogue climbs a wave when the boat slides down a wave
dromedary
called the Arabian camel or the Indian camel, is a large, even-toed ungulate with one hump on its back.
dropcloth
a large sheet for covering furniture or flooring to protect it from dust or while decorating.
dulcimer
a musical instrument with a sounding board or box, typically trapezoidal in shape, over which strings of graduated length are stretched, played by being struck with handheld hammers.
duly
as expected // in accordance with what is required or appropriate; following proper procedure or arrangement.
dons scotus
“univocity of being,” that existence is the most abstract concept we have, applicable to everything that exists; the formal distinction, a way of distinguishing between different aspects of the same thing; and the idea of haecceity, the property supposed to be in each individual thing that makes it an individual.
duotone
give the image an artistic, retro look that’s is created by overlaying a color (such as blue or red) on a grayscale image. a reproduction of an image using the superimposition of one contrasting colour halftone (traditionally black) over another color halftone. This is most often used to bring out middle tones and highlights of an image. The most commonly implemented colours are blue, yellow, brown and red.
duodecimal
a positional notation numeral system using twelve as its base.
dura
the tough outermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord.
dystrophy
the degeneration of tissue, due to disease or malnutrition.
macadam
Pavement made of layers of compacted broken stone, now usually bound with tar or asphalt.
macaque
chiefly Asian monkeys typically having a sturdy build and including some short-tailed or tailless forms; especially :
macerate
often or become softened by soaking in a liquid.
2.
archaic
cause to grow thinner or waste away, especially by fasting.
machismo
strong or aggressive masculine pride.
mackinaw
a short coat or jacket made of a thick, heavy woolen cloth, typically with a plaid design.
macrolens
a lens suitable for taking photographs unusually close to the subject.
madcap
amusingly eccentric.
madras
a lightweight cotton fabric with typically patterned texture and plaid design, used primarily for summer clothing such as pants, shorts, dresses
maenad
the female followers of Dionysus, the most significant members of the Thiasus, the retinue of Dionysus. Their name literally translates as “raving ones”. Often the maenads were portrayed as inspired by him into a state of ecstatic frenzy, through a combination of dancing and drunken intoxication.[1] In this state, they would lose all self-control, begin shouting excitedly, engage in uncontrolled sexual behavior, and ritualistically hunt down and tear to pieces animals — and, in myth at least, sometimes men and children — devouring the raw flesh. During these rites, the maenads would dress in fawn skins and carry a thyrsus, a long stick wrapped in ivy or vine leaves and tipped by a cluster of leaves; they would weave ivy-wreaths around their heads, and often handle or wear snakes
maewest
“I believe in censorship. I made a fortune out of it
magistrate
a civil officer or lay judge who administers the law, especially one who conducts a court that deals with minor offenses and holds preliminary hearings for more serious ones.
maglev
a method of transportation that uses magnetic levitation to carry vehicles with magnets rather than with wheels, axles and bearings. With it, a vehicle is levitated on top of a guideway using magnets to create both lift and propulsion.
magnum
a large wine bottle holding about 1.5 liters.
magpie
birds of the Corvidae family, including the black and white Eurasian magpie, which is one of the few animal species known to be able to recognize itself in a mirror test.
magritte
It is a union that suggests the essential mystery of the world. Art for me is not an end in itself, but a means of evoking that mystery. The treachery of images: Ceci n’est pas une pipe.”, French for “This is not a pipe.”
mahant
a religious superior, in particular the chief priest of a temple or the head of a monastery. The Hindi word is from Prakrit-, from Sanskrit mahat “great”.
mahican
an Eastern Algonquian Native American tribe, originally settled in the Hudson River Valley (around Albany, New York) and western New England. drove off to wisconsin
mah jongg
a game of Chinese origin usually played by four persons with 144 dominolike pieces or tiles marked in suits, counters, and dice, the object being to build a winning combination of pieces.
malacca
brown cane that is widely used for walking sticks and umbrella handles.
mala fide
in bad faith; with intent to deceive.
malaprop
an amusing error that occurs when a person mistakenly uses a word that sounds like another word but that has a very different meaning
malefic
causing or capable of causing harm or destruction, especially by supernatural means.
ASTROLOGY
relating to the planets Saturn and Mars, traditionally considered to have an unfavorable influence.
malinger
exaggerate or feign illness in order to escape duty or work.
malm
a soft, crumbly, chalky rock, or the fertile loamy soil produced as it weathers.
a fine-quality brick made originally from malm, marl, or a similar chalky clay.
malmsey
the sweetest variety of Madeira wine
maltese
a native or inhabitant of Malta or a person of Maltese descent.
mammilated
Having relatively small protrusions from the exterior, most commonly the surface.
mandala
a geometric figure representing the universe in Hindu and Buddhist symbolism.
PSYCHOANALYSIS
a symbol in a dream, representing the dreamer’s search for completeness and self-unity.
mandarine collar
a short unfolded stand-up collar style on a shirt or jacket. Mandarin collars start at the neckline and typically rise vertically two to five centimeters. The edges of the collar either barely meet at the centre front or overlap slightly.
mandoline
a cooking utensil used for slicing and for cutting juliennes; with suitable attachments, it can make crinkle-cuts
mandorla
in religious art, almond-shaped aureole of light surrounding the entire figure of a holy person
mandrake
a Mediterranean plant of the nightshade family, with white or purple flowers and large yellow berries. It has a forked fleshy root that supposedly resembles the human form and was formerly widely used in medicine and magic, allegedly shrieking when pulled from the ground.
mandrel
a shaped bar of metal inserted in, or next to, an item to be machined or bent in a certain pattern. Exhaust pipes for automobiles are frequently bent using this during manufacture. It allows the exhaust pipes to be bent into smooth curves without undesirable creasing, kinking, or collapsing. Molten glass may be shaped in this way as well.
mandrill
a large West African baboon with a brightly colored red and blue face, the male having a blue rump.
mangonel
a military device for throwing stones and other missiles.
manifest
clear or obvious to the mind //display or show (a quality or feeling) by one’s acts or appearance; demonstrate.
manticore
A legendary monster having the head of a man, the body of a lion, and the tail of a dragon or scorpion
manu
The primordial father of the human race and sovereign of the earth who first instituted religious ceremonies and devised a code of laws.
marbled
having a streaked with alternating layers or swirls of lean and fat.
marengo
the famous war mount of Napoleon I of France. Named after the Battle, through which he carried his rider safely, he was imported to France from Egypt in 1799 as a 6-year-old. The grey Arabian was probably bred at the famous El Naseri Stud. Although small (only 14.1 hands.) he was a reliable, steady, and courageous mount.
marigold
a plant that is grown for its bright yellow or orange flowers
marinetti
Italian writer who founded futurism with the publication of his 1909 manifesto.
mariposa lily
a native American wildflower found in California’s Sierra Nevada mountains, growing from 4000 to 12,000 feet (1200 to 3600 meters), at home in granite outcroppings, especially along exposed hillsides and ridges // the Spanish word for butterfly, referring to the evanescent quality of the petals and unique markings on the flowers.
marl
a loose or crumbling earthy deposit (as of sand, silt, or clay) that contains a substantial amount of calcium carbonate
marquetry
the art and craft of applying pieces of veneer to a structure to form decorative patterns, designs or pictures.
masochism
the tendency to derive pleasure, especially sexual gratification, from one’s own pain or humiliation.
(in general use) the enjoyment of what appears to be painful or tiresome.
masquerade
a party at which people wear masks and often costumes. : a way of appearing or behaving that is not true or real.
masse
a stroke made with an inclined cue, imparting swerve to the ball.
masthead
the highest part of a ship’s mast or of the lower section of a mast.
2.
the title of a newspaper or magazine at the head of the front or editorial page.
massif
a section of a planet’s crust that is demarcated by faults or flexures. In the movement of the crust, it tends to retain its internal structure while being displaced as a whole. The term is also used to refer to a group of mountains formed by such a structure.
In mountaineering and climbing literature, it is frequently used to denote the main mass of an individual mountain. T
mate
a traditional South American caffeine-rich infused drink, particularly in Argentina (where it is defined by law as the “national infusion”[2]), Uruguay, Paraguay, the Bolivian Chaco and Southern Brazil, and to a lesser degree in southern Chile, Syria and Lebanon. It is prepared by steeping dried leaves of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis, known in Portuguese as erva-mate) in hot water.
It is served with a metal straw from a shared hollow calabash gourd.
mattock
an instrument for loosening the soil in digging, shaped like a pickax, but having one end broad instead of pointed.
maunder
talk in a rambling manner // move or act in a dreamy or idle manner.
mauve
a pale purple color, which is named after the mallow flower.
maw
the jaws or throat of a voracious animal.
the mouth or gullet of a greedy person.
maxillofacial
of, relating to, or treating the maxilla and the face // an upper jaw especially of humans and other mammals in which the bony elements are closely fused (2) : either of the two bones that lie with one on each side of the upper jaw lateral to the premaxilla and that in higher vertebrates bear most of the teeth
means test
a determination of whether an individual or family is eligible for government assistance, based upon whether the individual or family possesses the means to do without that help.
meatus
a natural body opening or cana
milieu
the physical or social setting in which people live or in which something happens or develops.
militate
(of a fact or circumstance) be a powerful or conclusive factor in preventing.
meconium
the earliest stool of a mammalian infant. Unlike later feces, meconium is composed of materials ingested during the time the infant spends in the uterus: intestinal epithelial cells, lanugo, mucus, amniotic fluid, bile, and water. Meconium, unlike later feces, is viscous and sticky like tar, its color usually being a very dark olive green; it is almost odorless.
medial
situated in the middle, in particular.
medulla
Lower part of the brain stem
Function: Carries out and regulates life sustaining functions such as breathing, swallowing and heart rate
megan’s law
an informal name for laws in the United States requiring law enforcement authorities to make information available to the public regarding registered sex offenders
meisosis
a specialized type of cell division which reduces the chromosome number by half.
melange
a mixture of different things
melba toast
dry, crisp and thinly sliced toast, often served with soup and salad or topped with either melted cheese or pâté
melena
dark sticky feces containing partly digested blood.
mendicant
given to begging.
menial
Of or relating to work or a job regarded as servile. 2. Of, relating to, or appropriate for a servant. n. 1. A servant, especially a domestic servant.
meniscus
a crescent or crescent-shaped body
2
: a concavo-convex lens
menorrhea
the flow of blood at menstruation.
menses
The monthly flow of blood and cellular debris from the uterus that begins at puberty and ceases at menopause. Also called emmenia, menstrual period.
meridian
a circle of constant longitude passing through a given place on the earth’s surface and the terrestrial poles.
meringue
a type of dessert, often associated with Swiss, Italian and French cuisine, made from whipped egg whites and sugar, and occasionally an acid such as cream of tartar or a small amount of vinega
