Dibetes FITZ Flashcards
- Which of the following characteristics applies to type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM)?
A. Significant hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis result
from lack of insulin.
B. This condition is commonly diagnosed on routine
examination or workup for other health problems.
C. Initial response to oral sulfonylureas is usually
favorable.
D. Insulin resistance (IR) is a significant part of the
disease.
A. Significant hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis result
from lack of insulin.
- Which of the following characteristics applies to
type 2 DM?
A. Major risk factors are heredity and obesity.
B. Pear-shaped body type is commonly found.
C. Exogenous insulin is needed for control of disease.
D. Physical activity enhances IR.
A. Major risk factors are heredity and obesity.
- You consider prescribing insulin glargine (Toujeo®,
Lantus®) because of its:
A. extended duration of action.
B. rapid onset of action.
C. ability to prevent diabetic end-organ damage.
D. ability to preserve pancreatic function.
A. extended duration of action.
4. After use, the onset of action of lispro (Humalog®) occurs in: A. less than 30 minutes. B. approximately 1 hour. C. 1 to 2 hours. D. 3 to 4 hours.
A. less than 30 minutes.
5. Which of the following medications should be used with caution in a person with severe sulfa allergy? A. metformin B. glyburide C. rosiglitazone D. NPH insulin
B. glyburide
- The mechanism of action of metformin (Glucophage®)
is as:
A. an insulin-production enhancer.
B. a product virtually identical in action to
sulfonylureas.
C. a drug that increases insulin action in the peripheral
tissues and reduces hepatic glucose production.
D. a facilitator of renal glucose excretion.
C. a drug that increases insulin action in the peripheral
tissues and reduces hepatic glucose production.
- Generally, testing for type 2 DM in asymptomatic,
undiagnosed individuals older than 45 years should
be conducted every .
A. year.
B. 3 years
C. 5 years
D. 10 years
B. 3 years
- You are seeing 17-year-old Amanda. As part of the
visit, you consider her risk factors for type 2 DM would
likely include all of the following except:
A. obesity.
B. Native American ancestry.
C. family history of type 1 DM.
D. personal history of polycystic ovary syndrome.
C. family history of type 1 DM.
- Criteria for the diagnosis of type 2 DM include:
A. classic symptoms regardless of fasting plasma
glucose measurement.
B. plasma glucose level of 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L)
as a random measurement.
C. a 2-hour glucose measurement of 156 mg/dL
(8.6 mmol/L) after a 75 g anhydrous glucose load.
D. a plasma glucose level of 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L)
or greater after an 8 hour or greater fast on more
than one occasion.
D. a plasma glucose level of 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L)
or greater after an 8 hour or greater fast on more
than one occasion.
- The mechanism of action of pioglitazone is as:
A. an insulin-production enhancer.
B. a reducer of pancreatic glucose output.
C. an insulin sensitizer.
D. a facilitator of renal glucose excretion.
C. an insulin sensitizer.
- Which of the following should be the goal measurement in treating a 45-year-old man with DM and hypertension?
A. blood pressure less than 140 mm Hg systolic and less than 90 mm Hg diastolic
B. hemoglobin A1c equal to or greater than 7%
C. triglyceride 200 to 300 mg/dL (11.1 to 16.6 mmol/L)
D. high-density lipoprotein (HDL) 35 to 40 mg/dL
(0.9 to 1.03 mmol/L)
A. blood pressure less than 140 mm Hg systolic and less than 90 mm Hg diastolic
- In caring for a patient with DM, microalbuminuria
measurement should be obtained:
A. annually if urine protein is present.
B. periodically in relationship to glycemia control.
C. yearly.
D. with each office visit related to DM.
C. yearly.
- The mechanism of action of sulfonylureas is as:
A. an antagonist of insulin receptor site activity.
B. a product that enhances insulin release.
C. a facilitator of renal glucose excretion.
D. an agent that can reduce hepatic glucose production.
B. a product that enhances insulin release.
14. When caring for a patient with DM, hypertension, and persistent proteinuria, the nurse practitioner (NP) prioritizes the choice of antihypertension and prescribes: A. furosemide. B. methyldopa. C. fosinopril. D. nifedipine.
C. fosinopril.
- Clinical presentation of type 1 DM usually includes all of the following except:
A. report of recent unintended weight gain.
B. ketosis.
C. persistent thirst.
D. polyphagia.
A. report of recent unintended weight gain.
16. Which of the following should be periodically monitored with the use of a biguanide? A. creatine kinase (CK) B. alkaline phosphatase (ALP) C. alanine aminotransferase (ALT) D. creatinine (Cr)
D. creatinine (Cr)
17. Which of the following should be periodically monitored with the use of a thiazolidinedione? A. CK B. ALP C. ALT D. Cr
C. ALT
- All of the following are risks for lactic acidosis in
individuals taking metformin except:
A. presence of chronic renal insufficiency.
B. acute dehydration.
C. recent radiographic contrast dye use.
D. history of allergic reaction to sulfonamides.
D. history of allergic reaction to sulfonamides.
- Secondary causes of hyperglycemia potentially
include the use of all of the following medications
except:
A. high-dose niacin.
B. systemic corticosteroids.
C. high-dose thiazide diuretics.
D. low-dose angiotensin receptor blockers.
D. low-dose angiotensin receptor blockers.
20. Hemoglobin A1c best provides information on glucose control over the past: A. 21 to 47. B. 48 to 68. C. 69 to 89. D. 90 to 120.
D. 90 to 120.
- Which of the following statements is not true concerning the effects of exercise and IR?
A. Approximately 80% of the body’s insulin-mediated
glucose uptake occurs in skeletal muscle.
B. With regular aerobic exercise, IR is reduced by
approximately 40%.
C. The IR-reducing effects of exercise persist for
48 hours after the activity.
D. Hyperglycemia can occur as a result of aerobic
exercise.
D. Hyperglycemia can occur as a result of aerobic
exercise.
22 to 25. With an 8 a.m. dose of the following insulin
forms, followed by an inadequate dietary intake
and/or excessive energy use, at approximately
what time would hypoglycemia be most likely
to occur?
- lispro
Approximately 8:30 to
9:30 a.m. (with peak of
insulin dose)