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GASTRO - RIA > Diarrhoea > Flashcards

Diarrhoea Flashcards

1
Q

what is GASTROENTERITIS?

A

infectious diarrhoea

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2
Q

what is the most common cause of GASTROENTERITIS?

A

E.coli

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3
Q

what is E.coli?

A

gram negative rod shaped bacterium

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4
Q

number of watery stools for GASTROENTERITIS?

A

at least 3 loose to watery stools within 24 hours.

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5
Q

symptoms other than diarrhoea in GASTROENTERITIS?

A
  • abdo cramps
  • vomiting
  • nausea
  • fever
  • blood in stools
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6
Q

name 3 bacteria responsible for food poisoning induced gastroenteritis;

A
  • STAPH AEURUS
  • BACILLUSCEREUS
  • CLOSTRIDIUM PEFRINGEN’S
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7
Q

what is the treatment for gastroenteritis (include reasoning for all)

A

1) LOPERIMIDE - for diarrhoea
2) AMITRIPTYLINE - for abdo pain
3) FODMAP DIET
4) PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT

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8
Q

what is the typical presentation of gastroenteritis due ot E.coli?

A

common amongst travellers, watery stools, abdominal cramps + nausea

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9
Q

what is the typical presentation of gastroenteritis due to Giardiasis?

A

prolonged, non bloody diarrhoea

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10
Q

What ie the typical presentation of gastroenteritis due to Cholera?

A

profuse watery diarrhoea, severe dehydration causing weight loss, uncommon amongst travellers.

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11
Q

what is the typical presentation of gastroenteritis due t o Shigella?

A

bloody diarrhoea, vomiting and abdominal pain

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12
Q

List the 6 Red flag GI symptoms that indicate the need for urgent referral to secondary care, for further investigations.

A
  1. Anaemia
  2. Unintentional weight loss
  3. Abdominal/rectal mass
  4. Raised; CRP/ESR/Faecal calprotecin
  5. Fhx colorectal cancer
  6. Rectal bleeding
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13
Q

When is it indicated, and how to rule out ovarian cancer?

A

Female > 50 years old w/ persistent bloating.

Ca125 + USS of ovaries.

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14
Q

Name 3 anticholinergics used in the management of IBS to reduce muscular spasm (antispasmodics).

A

ANTICHOLINGERGICS

  • Dicycloverine
  • Hyoscine
  • Propantheline
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15
Q

Name 3 anti smooth muscle drugs used in management of IBS.

A
  • Mebeverine
  • Alverine
  • Peppermint
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16
Q

How does Mebeverine work?

A

Drug for IBS management; works by relaxing the muscles in and around the gut.

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17
Q

How does Dicycloverine work?

A

Anticholingeric drug that

i) has an antimuscarinic effect at Ach receptors
ii) direct effect upon smooth muscle

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18
Q

Name 3 anti diarrhoeals.

A

1) LOPERIMIDE
2) CODEINE PHOSPHATE
3) DIPHENOXYLATE

19
Q

Name an anti-diarrhoeal with 1st pass metabolism?

A

LOPERIMIDE

20
Q

What are the 3 category types of laxatives?

A

Osmotics, Stimulants and Softeners

21
Q

what type of laxative is Docusate?

22
Q

Senna, Bisacodyl and Sodium Picosulphate are what types of laxatives ?

A

Stimulants

23
Q

Magnesium salts, Lactulose and Polyethylene glycol are what type of laxatives?

24
Q

Which antidepressants are used for DIARRHOEA predominant IBS?

A

low dose TCA

25
Q

Which antidepressants are used for CONSTIPATION predominant IBS?

A

low dose TCA

low dose SSRIs

26
Q

what 3 components does Serotonin affect?

A
  • motility
  • secretion
  • visceral sensitivity
27
Q

what can 5-HT3 antagonist be useful for?

28
Q

what is the mechanism of action of PRUCALOPRIDE?

A

5-HT4 agonist for constipation

29
Q

What are PROBIOTICS?

A

Preparations containing live organisms that exert a potential health benefit on the host.

30
Q

Restores balance between anti- and pro- inflammatory cytokines by stimulating anti-inflammatory cytokines and enhances anti-inflammatory and immune responses.

–> is a description of what?

A

PROBIOTICS

31
Q

Name a pathogen and a virus whose growth it inhibited by probiotic bacteria?

A
  • bacteria = salmonella

- virus = rotavirus

32
Q

name an ORS (oral rehydration solution).

A

DIORALYTE

Contains rehydration salts including sugars and salts.

33
Q

What is the definition of diarrhoea?

A

production of > 2 unformed stools/day

34
Q

Definition of dysentry?

A

infection of the intestines resulting in severe diarrhoea w/ mucus + blood

35
Q

Name 4 bacterial causes of diarrhoea. (2 s + 2 c)

A

Shigella
Salmonella
Cl.difficle
Campylobacter

36
Q

Name 2 viral causes of diarrhoea.

A

Rotovirus

Norovirus

37
Q

Name 3 parasitic causes of diarrhoea.

A

Schistosomiasis
Giardia
Cryptosporidium

38
Q

definition of persistant diarrhoea?

39
Q

what is RIFAXIMIN?

A

treatment for travellers diarrhoea

40
Q

treatment of C difficile

A

metronidazole

41
Q

when to consider a parasitic cause of diarrhoea

A

persistent diarrhoea for more than 7 days

42
Q

incubation period of campylobacter

43
Q

incubation period of salmonella

A

12-72 hours

44
Q

bacteria that causes bloody diarrhoea

GASTRO - RIA (10 decks)

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