Diarrhea and Constipation

Question 1

Recommended value for stool water content for infants and young children

Answer 1

10ml/kg/day

Question 2

Recommended value for stool water content for teenagers and adults

Answer 2

200g/day

Question 3

stool water content if
a person
has diarrhea

Answer 3

> 200g of water per day

Question 4

defined as the passage of three or more loose or liquid
stools per day (or more frequent than is normal for the individual)

Answer 4

Diarrhea

Question 5

Name the organisms that can cause diarrhea

Answer 5

E. coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, and
Clostridium spp.

Question 6

a more severe type of diarrhea that
requires medical intervention

Answer 6

bacterial diarrhea

Question 7

an onset of three or more loose watery
stools a day lasting for 14 days or less

Answer 7

Acute Diarrhea

Question 8

passage of three or more loose stools daily
for at least four weeks

Answer 8

Chronic Diarrhea

Question 9

what is the stool for diarrhea

Answer 9

Entirely liquid, watery

Question 10

Four basic mechanisms of diarrhea

Answer 10

1. osmotic diarrhea
2. secretory diarrhea,
3. inflammatory and infectious diarrhea
4. diarrhea associated with deranged motility.

Question 11

it occurs when there is an excessive amount of solute in the
intestinal lumen preventing water to be absorbed since water absorption is dependent on
solute absorption

Answer 11

Osmotic Diarrhea

Question 12

Two instances where osmotic diarrhea occurs

Answer 12

1. when a person ingests poorly absorbed
   substrate which is usually a carbohydrate or a divalent ion
2. Malabsorption

Question 13

Osmotic Diarrhea can also be caused by certain laxatives these certain laxatives.

Answer 13

Lactulose
Citrate of magnesia

Question 14

It is caused
by the disruption of the epithelial electrolyte transport, specifically in the chloride channels
located in the apical membrane of the secretory epithelia

Answer 14

Secretory diarrhea

Question 15

Where is secretory diarrhea commonly associated with?

Answer 15

Cholera

Question 16

What is the organism in cholera?

Answer 16

Vibrio cholerae

Question 17

List the array of agents than can induce secretory diarrhea, aside from bacterial infection

Answer 17

1. Laxatives
2. Hormones secreted by certain of tumors
3. medications
4. antidepressants
5. certain metals, organic toxins, and plant products

Question 18

This occurs when the gastrointestinal barrier is breached by bacteria, viruses, or
protozoa

Answer 18

Inflammatory and Infectious diarrhea

Question 19

Here, the intestinal contents have an increased transit time, making absorption of water and nutrients
inefficient.

Answer 19

Diarrhea associated with deranged motility

Question 20

Dietary Management for Diarrhea

Answer 20

1. Oral Rehydrated Therapy
2. Low fiber Diet
3. Low fat Diet (for some patients)

Question 21

Fiber recommendation for diarrhea

Answer 21

10 g/day (high soluble fiber)

Question 22

Food to avoid for diarrhea

Answer 22

1. Caffeine
2. Some Spices
3. Sorbitol and Mannitol
4. Excessive alcohol consumption
5. Lactose

Question 23

defined as a condition where you may have fewer than three bowel
movements a week.

Answer 23

Constipation