Dialects

Question 1

Received Pronunciation (RP) (non-rhotic)

Answer 1

/t/ is a voiceless alveolar plosive sound
Dark ɫ is used before consonants or at the end of the syllable.
Most Americans (not all) have yod-dropping following the dental and alveolar consonants /0 t d s z n l/, Ex. studio /’studioʊ/

Question 2

General American (GA) (rhotic)

Answer 2

/t/ (T-voicing) in unstressed syllables
Medial /nt/ is regularly reduced to /n/, e.g. winter /’winr/.
Word-final /t/ often lacks any audible release.
Dark ɫ is used everywhere

Question 3

Cockney (Non rhotic)

Answer 3

Glottal stop /ʔ/ replaces /t/ before consonants, a pause or a vowel. Ex. better /beʔə/
th- fronting /θ, ð/ → /f, v/ Ex. think /fiŋk/
/j/ is elided after alveolar plosives /d, t/. Ex. /stu:dnt/
l- vocalisation Ex. Hospital /’ɒspɪtəʊ/; milk /mɪʊk/
h-dropping. Ex. Hospital /’ɒspɪtəʊ/

Question 4

Australian (non-rhotic)

Answer 4

Dark ɫ everywhere
/eɪ/→/aɪ/
/aɪ/→/ɔɪ/
/əʊ/→/æʊ/
/i:/→ /əi/ Ex. see /səɪ/
/u:/ → /əʊ/ Ex. zoo /zəʊ/
Rising intonation

Question 4

Scottish (rhotic)

Answer 4

/h/-pronouncing
Voiceless /ʍ/ in words spelt [wh]
Phoneme /x/ instead of /tʃ/ in a small number of words like “loch” /lɔx/.
Plosive /p, t, k/ are only weakly aspirated and glottalisation on final and medial /p, t, k/.
Glottal replacement /ʔ/ of /t/.
Dark ɫ everywhere.
No distinguish between in the vowel foot /fʊt/ and goose /gu:s/. All pronounce with /u:/
Ex. wood /wʊd/ → /wu:d/
Diphtongs in goat /ɡəʊt/ and face /feɪs/ are pronounced as steady vowels /o:, e:/ instead of diphthongs.
/ɜ:/→/ʌr/. Ex. Nurse /nɜːs/→/nʌrs/

Question 5

Estuary English (non-rhotic)

Answer 5

l-vocalization→ /l/ vocalized in standard RP dark ɫ positions.
Ex. Milk /’mɪok/ Bottle /ˌbɑto/
/t/ glottalization → plate /pleɪt/ → /pleɪʔ/
Yod coalescence→using /tʃ/ insted of /tj/ in words like tuesday /ˈtjuːz deɪ/ →/ˈtʃuːz deɪ/