Diagnostics 122 Flashcards
Body resistance is also known as
Vital qi
Pathogenic factors are also known as
Evil qi
Manifestation
Refers to the external display of an internal pathogenic development
Manifestation includes both
Signs and symptoms
Symptom
Refers to the subjective abnormal sensations felt by the patient. Ex: pain, distension, numbness, etc
Sign
Refers to objective abnormal display which, upon examination, indicates a disease. Ex: pale face, skin rashes, rapid pulse
Pattern (3 aspects)
Refers to the highly pathogenic condensation of a certain stage of disease; implies a group of manifestations at a certain pathogenic stage; provides the perspective for treatment
Disease
Result of the interaction of pathogenic factors and body resistance finally causing the breakdown of the balance of yin and yang
Diagnosis
Refers to the judgment from a physician as to the state of the constitution, as well as the name of the disease and its pattern types
Four diagnostic methods
Inspection, olfaction and auscultation, interrogation, and palpation and pulse examination
Inspection includes observing the patient’s
Vitality (Shen), complexion (se), physical appearance (xing), and movements and abnormalities in local areas of the body, including various excretory products such as sweat, sputum, saliva, urine, and stools
Auscultation includes
Listening to the sound of their voice and pitch of their voice, coughing, breathing, vomiting, hiccoughing, borborygmus, and groaning and speech patterns of the patient
Olfaction refers to
Smelling of abnormal odors emitted for either the patient of their residence
Interrogation refers to
Asking questions about how the disorder arose, its development and treatment process, what the patient feels now, the patient’s and family’s medical histories, individual cravings such as dietary indulgences and smoking, and the living/working conditions of the patient.
What is the aim of interrogation?
To find out the cause of the disorder and identify the pattern type by systemically uncovering the whole process of generation and development of the problem, as well as the symptoms of the patient
What is palpation?
Diagnostic method of palpating or pressing a certain area of the body with the practitioner’s hands to find moisture and temperature changes on the skin, the shapes and characteristics of lumps, tenderness, the degree and characteristic of pain, soreness, distension, and other sensations
Frequency and rhythm of the respiration and heartbeat and the patient’s reaction to palpating are included in which diagnostic method?
Palpation
Way are the eight different qualities of a pulse?
Location, frequency, length, width, strength, fluidity, tension, and equilibrium
What is the purpose of pattern identification?
to classify and analyze the clinical manifestations based on the four diagnostic methods and trace the causes of disease
Three Primary categories of pattern identification:
External Pathogenic factors, Internal Pathogenic factors, Pathogenic factors that are neither internal not external
Six environmental phenomena:
wind, cold, summer heat, dampness, dryness and fire, and epidemic pathogens
Seven Emotions:
grief, joy, anger, anxiety/melancholy, and fear/fright
Examples of pathogenic factors that are neither internal nor external:
improper food intake, fatigue, traumatic injury, sexual indulgence, and insect and animal bites
Secondary Pathogens:
blood stasis, damp, phlegm, phlegm fluids, and water qi
