Diagnostic X-Ray Production Flashcards
This is located near the control panel
On/Off Switch
This is mounted at eye level within reach of the x-ray generator
Wall switch
This keeps electricity constant in clinic while taking x-rays
Connected through kVp switch and has a method for increasing or decreasing incoming voltage
Line Voltage Compensator
Main power supply to the x-ray machine
Circuit breakers
Absorbs electrons and redirects the current
Ground
Current in radiographic generators
Milliamperage
How much voltage is in most houses?
110 v
How much voltage does an x-ray machine need?
220 v
How many lines does an x-ray machine use?
2 110v and 1 ground line
These are used to increase the potential power of the electrical supply
Generators
This type of generator has a low power capacity
Single phase
This type of generator is a step-up from single phase, but less powerful than the three phase
High Frequency Generator
This generator has powerful and shorter exposure times and tube utilization is more efficient
Three Phase Generator
An apparatus for changing electrical energy at one voltage and current to electrical energy of another voltage and current through magnetic energy
Receives power from incoming lines and transforms the power to the x-ray tube
Transformers
3 types of transformers found in an x-ray circuit
- Autotransformer
- High-tension transformer
- Filament transformer
This transformer determines how much voltage goes into step-up transformer
Autotransformer
This type of transformer takes incoming volts and turns it into 1000s of volts
220v ->125,000 volts
High Voltage Transformer
The high voltage transformer is AKA
Step-up transformer
This transformer decreases incoming volts going to the filament
Filament transformer
The Filament transformer is AKA
Step-down Transformer
The voltage reaching the step-down transformer is determined by this setting on the x-ray machine
mA
2 circuits in an x-ray machine
High Voltage and Low voltage
This type of circuit provides electrical potential to transport electrons from the cathode to the anode
Contains: Autotransformer and Step-up transformer
High Voltage circuit
The high voltage circuit is controlled by which setting?
kV
This circuit provides electricity/amperage to heat the filament
Contains: Step-down transformer
Low Voltage (filament) circuit
The Low voltage circuit is controlled by this setting
mA
This is used to control the length of exposure on the control panel
Time Switch
How many times do you use the exposure switch?
1 partial depression
1 full depression
This illuminates when exposure is made
Warning light
The x-ray tube houses what two structures?
Cathode and Anode
The cathode has a ______ charge
negative
The anode has a _______ charge
positive
What does the oil around the glass casing of an x-ray tube do?
Dissipates heat
The x-ray tube is primarily
99% heat, 1%x-ray
This is positioned opposite of the anode in an x-ray tube and contains 2 filaments
Cathode
What are the filaments in the cathode made of?
Tungsten
What is the focusing cup of the cathode made of?
Molypdenum
Themionic emission can be described as
Boiling off electrons
This mechanism in the x-ray tube receives electrons from the cathode and transmits them back to the high-voltage generator
Anode
What is the anode typically made of?
Tungsten or tungsten molybdenum alloy
2 types of anodes
- stationary
2. rotating
Which type of anode produces a more detailed radiograph?
rotating
What type of anode is found in a table top machine?
Rotating
What type of anode is found in a portable machine (lg. animal or dental)?
Stationary
This turns the rotating anode
Rotor circuit
How fast does the rotor circuit spin the anode?
3200-3600 rpms
This is the area that is perpendicular to the surface of the target
Actual focal spot
This is the area projected out of the tube toward the patient
Effective focal spot
This describes how electrons interact with the anode and change direction, so the x-rays are directed at the patient
Line focus principle
What is the typical angle of an anode?
11 degrees
This can enlarge the effective focal spot, making the quality of radiographs decrease from too many exposures in a short period of time
Heat dissipation
Too much heat can lead to this damage to the anode
pitting
This indicated the x-ray tube limits based on mA, kVp, and time
Expressed in kilowatts
Tube Rating Chart
Portable units can usually handle how much kVp?
60-90
Table top units can usually handle how much kVp?
40-120
This relates to the radiation intensity is greater on the cathode side than the anode side
Anode Heel effect
Most common x-ray tube failure
Cathode failure
What causes cathode failure in an x-ray tube?
Filament destruction/overheat
