Diagnostic Testing

Question 1

the serum enzyme test for Troponin is specific for finding what medical condition?
it can be detected with how many hours of the incident?

Answer 1

myocardial infarction

3 hours

Question 2

when testing for CK-MB/total CK (creatine kinase-myocardial bands) what percent will normally show an MI?
how long does it take to rise? peak? normalize?

Answer 2

2.5%
4-8 hours
24
24-48

Question 3

what is the best marker for patients who arrive in the hospital 3 days after an MI has occured?

Answer 3

Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)

Question 4

what are the AHA reccommendations for total cholesterol, LDL, if known heart disease and no known heart disease, and HDL?

Answer 4

total - < 130
LDL (known heart disease) < 100
HDL - 35mg/dl

Question 5

ratios of total cholesterol to HDLs levels for men and women which present with a 1/2, avg, 2x, and 3x risk for CAD

Answer 5

Men
3.5 = 1/2 
5 = avg
9.5 = 2x
23.5 = 3x
women
3.25 = 1/2
4.5 = avg
7 = 2x
11 = 3x

Question 6

how many mg/dl is considered elevated triglyceride lvls? what disease may this be a precursor to?

Answer 6

> 150

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 7

what numbers do you want to look at if your pateint is being anticoagulated on coumadin or warafin? (2)

Answer 7

prothrombin time (PT)
partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

Question 8

what is a normal INR?

Answer 8

1

Question 9

what does the Bun/Creatinine test measure? (2)

Answer 9

kidney function/worsening heart failure

Question 10

what is the patients blood glucose where exercise is contraindicated? at risk for ketoacidosis?

Answer 10

> 300

>400

Question 11

which xray view is there greater angulation of the clavicles?

Answer 11

PA (posterior-anterior) frontal

Question 12

the cardiac silhouette of a patient is normally presented when the heart shadow represents what percent or less of the maximal width of the thorax as measured between inner margins of the ribs? in children?

Answer 12

50%

60%

Question 13

in what situation may the cardiac shadow inaccurately reflect heart size? (2)

Answer 13

elevated diaphragm or narrow PA diameter of chest

Question 14

what is the difference between an M-Mode echocardiogram and a 2-D mode echo?

Answer 14

an M-mode echo uses one narrow ultrasonic beam, while 2-D mode echo uses multiple

Question 15

what do doppler ultrasonographies evaluate in the heart? (4)

Answer 15

1. blood flow direction
2. turbulence
3. velocity
4. pressure gradients

Question 16

the transthoracic echo (TTE) M mode is used to measure what part of the heart? (2)

Answer 16

wall thickness and chamber diameters

Question 17

the transesophogaeal echo (TEE) 2-D mode is used to view what?

Answer 17

the entire heart

Question 18

what is the Fick method of measuring blood flow?

Answer 18

divide the oxygen intake by the difference in oxygen content of aortic blood and mixed venous blood.
VO2/a-VO2diff = CO

Question 19

Complete the following using the Fick equation
Arterial blood contains 240ml O2/L
Venous blood contains 180ml O2/L
Measured oxygen consumption =260ml/min

Answer 19

CO = 260ml O2/min / 240 –180 ml O2/L

The CO = 4.33 L/min

Question 20

what do PVR and MPAP stand for?

Answer 20

pulmonary vascular resistance

mean pulmonary artery pressure

Question 21

what type of contract do contrast angiographies use to visualize rgions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 21

radiopaque

Question 22

what 4 cardiac functions can nuclear imaging assess?

Answer 22

1. myocardial perfusion
2. passing blood
3. myocardial ischemia
4. myocardial metabolism

Question 23

what does blood pool imaging anaylze? (2)

Answer 23

left and right ventricular contractile fcn

ejection fraction

Question 24

what are the 2 main functions a positron emission tomography (PET) scan are used for?

Answer 24

measure cellular metabolism and myocardial blood flow

look for scarring or viable tissue

Question 25

what are CT scans useful for assessing in the heart? (2)

Answer 25

pericardial disease and aortic disease

Question 26

how long is a holter monitoring procedure?

used when the patient is experiencing what type of heart issue?

Answer 26

24-hours

arrythmias