Diagnostic Testing Flashcards
the serum enzyme test for Troponin is specific for finding what medical condition?
it can be detected with how many hours of the incident?
myocardial infarction
3 hours
when testing for CK-MB/total CK (creatine kinase-myocardial bands) what percent will normally show an MI?
how long does it take to rise? peak? normalize?
2.5%
4-8 hours
24
24-48
what is the best marker for patients who arrive in the hospital 3 days after an MI has occured?
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
what are the AHA reccommendations for total cholesterol, LDL, if known heart disease and no known heart disease, and HDL?
total - < 130
LDL (known heart disease) < 100
HDL - 35mg/dl
ratios of total cholesterol to HDLs levels for men and women which present with a 1/2, avg, 2x, and 3x risk for CAD
Men 3.5 = 1/2 5 = avg 9.5 = 2x 23.5 = 3x women 3.25 = 1/2 4.5 = avg 7 = 2x 11 = 3x
how many mg/dl is considered elevated triglyceride lvls? what disease may this be a precursor to?
> 150
Diabetes Mellitus
what numbers do you want to look at if your pateint is being anticoagulated on coumadin or warafin? (2)
prothrombin time (PT) partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
what is a normal INR?
1
what does the Bun/Creatinine test measure? (2)
kidney function/worsening heart failure
what is the patients blood glucose where exercise is contraindicated? at risk for ketoacidosis?
> 300
>400
which xray view is there greater angulation of the clavicles?
PA (posterior-anterior) frontal
the cardiac silhouette of a patient is normally presented when the heart shadow represents what percent or less of the maximal width of the thorax as measured between inner margins of the ribs? in children?
50%
60%
in what situation may the cardiac shadow inaccurately reflect heart size? (2)
elevated diaphragm or narrow PA diameter of chest
what is the difference between an M-Mode echocardiogram and a 2-D mode echo?
an M-mode echo uses one narrow ultrasonic beam, while 2-D mode echo uses multiple
what do doppler ultrasonographies evaluate in the heart? (4)
- blood flow direction
- turbulence
- velocity
- pressure gradients
the transthoracic echo (TTE) M mode is used to measure what part of the heart? (2)
wall thickness and chamber diameters
the transesophogaeal echo (TEE) 2-D mode is used to view what?
the entire heart
what is the Fick method of measuring blood flow?
divide the oxygen intake by the difference in oxygen content of aortic blood and mixed venous blood.
VO2/a-VO2diff = CO
Complete the following using the Fick equation
Arterial blood contains 240ml O2/L
Venous blood contains 180ml O2/L
Measured oxygen consumption =260ml/min
CO = 260ml O2/min / 240 –180 ml O2/L
The CO = 4.33 L/min
what do PVR and MPAP stand for?
pulmonary vascular resistance
mean pulmonary artery pressure
what type of contract do contrast angiographies use to visualize rgions of the cardiovascular system?
radiopaque
what 4 cardiac functions can nuclear imaging assess?
- myocardial perfusion
- passing blood
- myocardial ischemia
- myocardial metabolism
what does blood pool imaging anaylze? (2)
left and right ventricular contractile fcn
ejection fraction
what are the 2 main functions a positron emission tomography (PET) scan are used for?
measure cellular metabolism and myocardial blood flow
look for scarring or viable tissue
what are CT scans useful for assessing in the heart? (2)
pericardial disease and aortic disease
how long is a holter monitoring procedure?
used when the patient is experiencing what type of heart issue?
24-hours
arrythmias
