Diagnostic Test Flashcards
What is a Bone Biopsy?
A procedure where a small sample of bone is removed to diagnose infections, cancer, or other bone diseases.
What are the nursing interventions before a Bone Biopsy?
- Obtain informed consent.
- Assess for bleeding disorders and medication use (anticoagulants).
-Explain the procedure and possible discomfort.
What are the nursing interventions during a Bone Biopsy?
- Assist with positioning (usually prone or supine).
- Monitor for signs of pain and administer analgesia as needed.
What are the nursing interventions after a Bone Biopsy?
- Monitor for bleeding or signs of infection.
- Keep the biopsy site clean and dry.
- Educate the patient to avoid strenuous activities.
What is a Breast Biopsy?
A procedure where a small tissue sample is taken from the breast to check for cancer or other abnormalities.
What are the nursing interventions before a Breast Biopsy?
- Obtain informed consent.
- Assess for allergies to anesthesia.
- Explain the procedure and ensure patient comfort.
What are the nursing interventions during a Breast Biopsy?
- Assist in positioning and provide emotional support.
- Monitor for signs of pain or bleeding.
What are the nursing interventions after a Breast Biopsy?
- Apply pressure and a dressing to the site.
- Monitor for excessive bleeding, infection, or swelling.
- Educate the patient on avoiding heavy lifting.
What is Chest Radiology (Chest X-ray)?
A non-invasive imaging test that uses X-rays to assess the lungs, heart, and chest cavity.
What are the nursing interventions before a Chest X-ray?
- Remove jewelry and metal objects.
- Explain the procedure (painless, quick).
- Assess for pregnancy (radiation risk).
What are the nursing interventions during a Chest X-ray?
- Instruct the patient to remain still and hold their breath as instructed.
What are the nursing interventions after a Chest X-ray?
- No restrictions; normal activities can resume.
- Inform the patient when results will be available.
What is a Colonoscopy?
A procedure using a flexible tube with a camera to examine the colon for abnormalities.
What are the nursing interventions before a Colonoscopy?
- Ensure the patient follows a bowel prep (clear liquids, laxatives).
- Obtain informed consent.
- Assess for allergies to sedation.
What are the nursing interventions during a Colonoscopy?
- Monitor vital signs and oxygen levels.
- Administer sedation and provide reassurance.
What are the nursing interventions after a Colonoscopy?
- Monitor for bleeding or perforation (severe pain, fever).
- Encourage hydration and a gradual return to normal diet.
- Educate the patient about post-procedure bloating or gas.
What is a Computed Tomography (CT Scan)?
A diagnostic imaging test that provides detailed cross-sectional images of the body.
What are the nursing interventions before a CT Scan?
- Assess for allergies to contrast dye.
- Check kidney function if contrast is used.
- Ensure the patient is NPO if required.
What are the nursing interventions during a CT Scan?
- Instruct the patient to remain still.
- Monitor for contrast reactions (rash, difficulty breathing).
What are the nursing interventions after a CT Scan?
- Encourage hydration to flush contrast dye.
- Monitor for allergic reactions.
What is a Coronary Angiogram?
A test using contrast dye and X-rays to examine the blood flow in coronary arteries for blockages or heart disease.
What are the nursing interventions before a Coronary Angiogram?
- Obtain informed consent.
- Assess for iodine/contrast dye allergies.
- Ensure the patient is NPO for 6-8 hours.
What are the nursing interventions during a Coronary Angiogram?
- Monitor vital signs and cardiac rhythm.
- Watch for signs of allergic reaction to contrast dye.
What are the nursing interventions after a Coronary Angiogram?
- Monitor insertion site for bleeding.
- Encourage hydration to flush contrast dye.
- Keep leg straight if femoral artery was used.
What is an Echocardiogram?
A non-invasive ultrasound test that evaluates heart structure, function, and blood flow.
What are the nursing interventions before an Echocardiogram?
- Explain the procedure; no special preparation is needed.
What are the nursing interventions during an Echocardiogram?
- Assist with positioning (left side).
- Apply ultrasound gel and move the transducer over the chest.
What are the nursing interventions after an Echocardiogram?
- Wipe off gel and provide comfort.
- No post-procedure restrictions.
What is an Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)?
A test that records the electrical activity of the heart to diagnose arrhythmias, heart attacks, or other cardiac conditions.
What are the nursing interventions before an ECG?
- Explain the procedure (non-invasive, painless).
- Ensure proper lead placement.
What are the nursing interventions during an ECG?
- Instruct the patient to remain still to avoid artifact.
What are the nursing interventions after an ECG?
- Remove electrodes and clean the skin.
- No restrictions; normal activities can resume.
What is an MRI?
A diagnostic imaging test using powerful magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of internal organs and tissues.
What are the nursing interventions before an MRI?
- Assess for metal implants or pacemakers.
- Obtain informed consent if contrast dye is used.
What are the nursing interventions during an MRI?
- Ensure the patient remains still.
- Offer ear protection due to loud machine noises.
What are the nursing interventions after an MRI?
- Encourage fluids if contrast dye was used.
- No post-procedure restrictions.
What is a PET Scan?
A nuclear imaging test that detects metabolic activity and helps diagnose cancer, brain disorders, and heart disease.
What are the nursing interventions before a PET Scan?
- Ensure the patient is NPO for 4-6 hours before the scan.
- Avoid caffeine, tobacco, and alcohol 24 hours prior.
What are the nursing interventions during a PET Scan?
- Ensure the patient remains still.
- Monitor for allergic reactions to radioactive tracer.
What are the nursing interventions after a PET Scan?
- Encourage hydration to eliminate radioactive tracer.
- Limit close contact with pregnant women and infants for a few hours.
What is Pulse Oximetry?
A non-invasive test that measures oxygen saturation (SpO₂) in the blood.
What are the nursing interventions before a Pulse Oximetry test?
- Ensure the patient’s finger is clean and free of nail polish.
What are the nursing interventions during a Pulse Oximetry test?
- Apply the probe to the finger, toe, or earlobe.
- Monitor for proper placement and accurate readings.
What are the nursing interventions after a Pulse Oximetry test?
- No restrictions; normal activities can resume.
What is an Upper Endoscopy?
A procedure using a flexible camera to examine the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine for abnormalities.
What are the nursing interventions before an Upper Endoscopy?
- Ensure the patient is NPO for 6-8 hours before the procedure.
- Obtain informed consent.
What are the nursing interventions during an Upper Endoscopy?
- Monitor vital signs and oxygen saturation.
- Administer sedation.
What are the nursing interventions after an Upper Endoscopy?
- Monitor for gag reflex return before giving fluids/food.
- Watch for signs of perforation.
What is a Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE)?
A specialized echocardiogram where a probe is inserted into the esophagus to obtain detailed heart images.
What are the nursing interventions before a TEE?
- Ensure the patient is NPO for at least 6 hours.
- Obtain informed consent.
- Assess for swallowing difficulties or esophageal conditions.
What are the nursing interventions during a TEE?
- Monitor vital signs and oxygen saturation.
- Administer sedation.
What are the nursing interventions after a TEE?
- Monitor for return of gag reflex before allowing oral intake.
- Educate the patient about mild throat discomfort.
