Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Therapeutics > diagnostic stains > Flashcards

diagnostic stains Flashcards

1
Q

name 3 diagnostic staines

A
  • fluorescein sodium
  • rose bengal
  • lissamine green
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which stain will you use to see things on the cornea

A

flourescein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which stain will you use to see things on the conjunctiva

A

rose bengal and lissamine green

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which 2 ways can flourescein be used

A
  • topically
    or
  • injected systemically for flourescein angiography
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is always at hand when doing flourescein angiography and why

A

defibrillator because it can cause a cardiac arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

explain why flourescein is not a true stain

A
  • it colours the tear film
  • the tear film does not invade intact corneal epithelium (i.e. it can’t pass through the cornea unless it has an abrasion and thats when flourescein enters it)
  • lipid membrane impermeable to water soluble polar water molecules
  • epithelial damage means flourescein can gain access to deeper layers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what spectrum of absorbed energy maximally excites flourescein molecules

A

light thats absorbed maximally between 485 - 500nm (blue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what nm of light does flourescein emit

A

between 525 - 530nm (green)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what wavelength of light does the burton lamp emit

A

305 - 410nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what wavelengths do some RGPs absorb light between

A

315 - 400nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what wavelength of light does the blue filter on the slit lamp emit

A

390 - 410nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

list 6 uses of flourescein

A
  • assessment of corneal integrity (trauma, disease, contact lens a/c)
  • rigid contact lens fitting
  • contact tonometry
  • TBUT
  • lacrimal patency
  • lacrimal drainage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how is lacrimal drainage assessed with flourescein

A
  • px to blow nose and check if tissue is orange
  • if not orange then means theres a blockage in the puncta
  • can also monitor the amount of flourescein that is still in the eye so can check if conjunctiva still has flourescein which means it still hasn’t drained away
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 2 contraindications of flourescein sodium

A
  • known sensitivity

- dont put in with soft cl’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the caution of the multi dose bottles of flourescein

A
  • contamination problems in hospitals in the 1950’s
  • flourescein is used on damaged cornea
  • pseudomonas has an affinity for flourescein
  • this progresses rapidly and can cause corneal perforation within 48 hours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how rapidly can pseudomonas progress and cause corneal perforation/ulcers

A

within 48 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what 2 forms of packaging is flourescein available in, what are the doses and what is the storage requirement

A
  • minims 1% and 2%
  • flourescein impregnated strip 1mg
  • store below 25 degrees celsius
18
Q

what 4 properties are thee about flourescein minims

A
  • orange-yellow
  • slightly alkaline
  • contains buffer to stabilise solution
  • may be combined with anaesthetic
19
Q

what is rose bengal a derivative of

A

flourescein

20
Q

what structures does rose bengal stain

A
  • devitalised epithelial cells of cornea and conjunctiva

- stains mucous strands

21
Q

what type of effect does rose bengal have

A

anti viral

22
Q

rose bengal _________ on instillation, especially in ______ ______ conditions

A

rose bengal stings on instillation, especially in dry eye conditions

23
Q

rose bengal may cause _____________ staining

A

rose bengal may cause punctate staining

24
Q

rose bengal has a _________ effect on human _________ epithelial cells, enhanced by ____________ ___________

A

rose bengal has a toxic effect on human corneal epithelial cells, enhanced by light exposure

25
Q

what forms of packaging and dosage has rose bengal been available in

A
  • 1% minims (not commercially available)

- ophthalmic strips 1.3mg

26
Q

list 5 conditions where rose bengal is useful

A
  • keratoconjunctivitis sicca
  • dendritic keratitis
  • neuroparalytic keratitis
  • exophthalmos
  • pressure areas due to contact lens wear
27
Q

what form of packaging and dose is lissamine green available in

A

ophthalmic strips 1.5mg

28
Q

what are the actions of lissamine green similar to

A

rose bengal

29
Q

list 5 ways in which lissamine green differs from rose bengal

A
  • stings less
  • less toxic
  • no anti viral effects
  • staining effect lasts longer than rose bengal
  • it does not stain healthy cells like rose bengal does
30
Q

how are the actions of lissamine green similar to rose bengal

A

like rose bengal it binds to severely damaged cells and is easier to view against lighter irises

31
Q

when should you observe your staining after instilling lissamine green and why

A

1-4 minutes

  • if observe too soon, staining pattern won’t have developed
  • if observe too late, some of the staining pattern may have faded away
32
Q

what illumination must you begin with when observing lissamine green and why

A

start off with low illumination as high illumination will bleach out the appearance of some staining

33
Q

what can be used when observing staining with lissamine green that will help

A

red filter wratten no. 25

34
Q

there is some evidence to suggest that early signs of ______ ______ disease is more ____________ with lissamine green compared to ______________

A

there is some evidence to suggest that early signs of dry eye disease is more visible with lissamine green compared to flourescein

35
Q

for the evaluation of staining, can use charts e.g. __________ grading scheme, but _____________ may be poor

A

for the evaluation of staining, can use charts e.g. oxford grading scheme, but repeatability may be poor

36
Q

list 5 other stains which are not used commercially

A
  • alcian blue
  • trypan blue
  • bromothymol blue
  • methylene blue
  • tetrazolium and iodonitrotetrazolium
37
Q

what does aclian blue stain

A

mucus

38
Q

what does trepan blue stain

A

mucus and dead cells which have undergone structural changes

39
Q

what does bromothymol blue stain

A

degenerate and dead cells, mucus used to investigate damage by chemical agents

40
Q

what does methylene blue stain

A

bacterial stain that will also stain nerve tissue

41
Q

what does tetrazolium and iodonitrotetrazolium stain

A

tetrazolium stains degenerate cells (not living or dead), staining of tumours and assessing corneal grafts

Therapeutics (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions