Diagnostic Radiology: Hepatobiliary System

Question 1

See notability notes

Answer 1

See notability notes

Question 2

CT of HCC

Answer 2

1. Liver cirrhosis
2. Ascites (Hypodense fluid around liver)
3. Varices
4. Solitary hypervascular mass
5. Tumour rupture (blood denser than ascites fluid)

Question 3

Angiography of HCC

Answer 3

• Tumour take up hepatic artery blood

- Can be Therapeutic —> TACE

Question 4

USG of cholecystitis

Answer 4

1. Gallstones (fall to dependent areas)
2. ***Positive sonographic Murphy’s sign
3. ***Gallbladder wall >3mm (edematous + thickened)
4. ***Gallbladder distension
5. ***Pericholecystic fluid
6. Impacted gallstone

Complications:
1. ***Emphysematous cholecystitis (gas forming in gallbladder)

Question 5

CT of acute pancreatitis

Answer 5

1. Fluid around pancreas
2. Edematous pancreas

Causes of pancreatitis (GET SMASHED):

1. Gallstones
2. Ethanol
3. Trauma
4. Steroid
5. Mumps
6. Autoimmune
7. Scorpion venom
8. Hyperlipidaemia
9. ERCP
10. Drugs

Role of imaging in pancreatitis:

1. Assessment + Staging of pancreatitis
2. Assessment of complications:
   - Necrosis (hypodense dead pancreas, many holes)
   - Pseudocysts
   - Infection / Abscess
   - Pseudoaneurysm / Thrombosis (hyperdense lesion)
   - Fistula