Diagnostic Procedures Flashcards
This diet is low in fiber & fat. Prescribed to assist in healing of colon
LOW-RESIDUE DIET
Enumerate 5 endoscopic procedures
> Upper Gastrointestinal Fibroscopy/ Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
> Fiberoptic Colonoscopy
Anoscopy, Proctoscopy, and Sigmoidoscopy
> Small Bowel Studies
Endoscopy through an Ostomy
This allows direct visualization of the esophageal, gastric, and duodenal mucosa through a lighted endoscope (gastroscope).
FIBROSCOPY
A diagnostic endoscopic procedure that allows the stomach, proximal duodenum, esophagus, and oropharynx to be seen
It is among the most frequent operations carried out by a gastroenterologist.
ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENOSCOPY (EGD)
helpful in evaluating jaundice, pancreatitis, pancreatic tumors, common bile duct stones, and biliary tract disease.
uses the endoscope in combination with x-rays to view the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, gallbladder
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
Anesthetics given to patients before endoscopy (3)
- Midazolam- loss of gag reflex & relives anxiety
- Atropine - reduce secretions
- Glucagon - relax smooth muscle
Fibroscopy is an endoscopic examination used especially in _____
otorhinolaryngology
requires that the patient swallows a capsule that travels by peristalsis through the small intestines
CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY
Signs of perforation:
-pain
-bleeding
-unusual difficulty swallowing
-rapidly elevated temperature.
Give purposes of Anoscopy, Proctoscopy, and Sigmoidoscopy
To evaluate :
1. chronic diarrhea,
2. fecal incontinence,
3. ischemic colitis, and
4. lower GI hemorrhage
To observe for
1. ulceration,
2. fissures,
3. abscesses,
4. tumors,
5. polyps,
other pathologic processes.
Endoscopic examination of the anus, rectum, and sigmoid and descending colon.
Anoscopy, Proctoscopy, and Sigmoidoscopy
This causes the esophagus to contract in an uncoordinated way. As a result, what is swallowed is not pushed down into the stomach.
DIFFUSE ESOPHAGEAL SPASM
Signs of intestinal perforation
- fever
- Rectal drainage
- Abdominal distention
- Pain
useful for visualizing a segment of the small or large intestine and may be indicated to evaluate the anastomosis for recurrent disease, or to visualize and treat bleeding in a segment of the bowel.
Endoscopy through an Ostomy
Measures changes in intraluminal pressures and the coordination of muscle activity in the GI tract
Tool to evaluate swallowing disorders
MANOMETRY TEST
Isa rare disorder that makes it difficult for food and liquid to pass from the swallowing tube (esophagus) due to nerve damage
ACHALASIA
It is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and fibrosis (thickening) in the skin and other areas of the body
SCLERODERMA
Medications that could have a direct effect on motility (3)
- Calcium channel blockers
- Anticholinergic agents
- Sedatives
S/sx of scleroderma
- Dysmotility of esophagus
- Heartburn
- Dysphagia
- Nausea & Vomiting
- Diarrhea & constipation
to assess gastric motility disturbances and can be useful in detecting motor or nerve dysfunction in the stomach.
ELECTROGASTOGRAPHY
evaluate delayed gastric emptying and gastric and intestinal motility disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome or atonic colon.
Gastroduodenal, small intestine, and colonic manometry
measures anorectal function and is performed with very thick barium paste instilled into the rectum.
DEFECOGRAPHY
measures the resting tone of the internal anal sphincter and the contractibility of the external anal sphincter.
It is helpful in evaluating patients with chronic constipation or fecal incontinence and is useful in the treatment of fecal incontinence.
ANORECTAL MANOMETRY
used to assess the function of the rectum and anal sphincter while the patient attempts to expel the barium.
FLUOROSCOPY
