Diagnostic methods Flashcards
what is considered eye vitals?
Visual acutity
pupillary exam
visual fields
ocular motility
tonometry
exam
the snellen chart measures
distance
what does the numerator on the snellen chart indicate?
Feet or meters
what does the denominator on the snellen chart indicate?
denominator is distance at which the letters can be read by a person with impaired vision
(normal is 20/20)
what does the rosenbaum card measure?
near
what could you use to test visual acuity for 3-7 year olds?
HOVT
Allen picture chart
abbreviation of Visual acutity
VA
abbreviation for with glasses (correction)
CC
abbreviation for without glasses (without correction)
SC
abbreviation for right eye
OD (oculus dexter)
abbreviation for left eye
OS (oculus sinister)
abbreviation for both eyes
OU (oculus uterque)
what is the Marcus Gunn test?
during examination, swing flashlight test from the unaffected eye into the affected eye, the pupils appear to dilate
* this is an abnormal response, dilation rather than constriction
indicates lesion of the nerve on the affected side
what might be seen on an ocular motility test
stabismus (misaligned eyes)
limitation of movement of one eye
limitation of movement of both eyes together
nystagmus “dancing” eyes
what does confrontation of visual fields test for?
peripheral vison
* looks for gross defects only
what is tonometry? what is the normal range of what it tests? what is tonometry a helpful screening for
A way to test for intraocular pressure
*normal range is 10-21mmHg
glaucoma screening
when starting tonometry, what should you always start with?
proparacaine/tetracaine
what is slit lamp examination
binocular microscope that lets you see a 3D view of the eye
what is slit lamp examination most useful to look for?
Most useful to look at the anterior part of eye
corneal abrasions
foreign bodies
truama
what is the use of fluorescein staining?
looks at defect in corneal epithelium (use anesthetic drop!)
how do you test for suspected foreign bodies? what is often seen?
eyelid eversion
* often have a vertical defect with fluorescein staining
how do you test visual distortion?
Amsler grid
when should you refer to ophthalmology
-when sight is worse than 20/20 with visual symptoms in one or both eyes
-when sight is worse than 20/40 in both eyes even without symptoms
-asymmetry (difference of 2 lines or more on snellen chart)
presbyopia (reduced near vision with no change is distance)
abnormal fundus appearance
elevated intraoculuar pressure >22mmHg
