Diagnostic methods

Question 1

what is considered eye vitals?

Answer 1

Visual acutity
pupillary exam
visual fields
ocular motility
tonometry
exam

Question 2

the snellen chart measures

Answer 2

distance

Question 3

what does the numerator on the snellen chart indicate?

Answer 3

Feet or meters

Question 4

what does the denominator on the snellen chart indicate?

Answer 4

denominator is distance at which the letters can be read by a person with impaired vision
(normal is 20/20)

Question 5

what does the rosenbaum card measure?

Answer 5

near

Question 6

what could you use to test visual acuity for 3-7 year olds?

Answer 6

HOVT
Allen picture chart

Question 7

abbreviation of Visual acutity

Answer 7

VA

Question 8

abbreviation for with glasses (correction)

Answer 8

CC

Question 9

abbreviation for without glasses (without correction)

Answer 9

SC

Question 10

abbreviation for right eye

Answer 10

OD (oculus dexter)

Question 11

abbreviation for left eye

Answer 11

OS (oculus sinister)

Question 12

abbreviation for both eyes

Answer 12

OU (oculus uterque)

Question 13

what is the Marcus Gunn test?

Answer 13

during examination, swing flashlight test from the unaffected eye into the affected eye, the pupils appear to dilate
* this is an abnormal response, dilation rather than constriction
indicates lesion of the nerve on the affected side

Question 14

what might be seen on an ocular motility test

Answer 14

stabismus (misaligned eyes)
limitation of movement of one eye
limitation of movement of both eyes together
nystagmus “dancing” eyes

Question 15

what does confrontation of visual fields test for?

Answer 15

peripheral vison
* looks for gross defects only

Question 16

what is tonometry? what is the normal range of what it tests? what is tonometry a helpful screening for

Answer 16

A way to test for intraocular pressure
*normal range is 10-21mmHg
glaucoma screening

Question 17

when starting tonometry, what should you always start with?

Answer 17

proparacaine/tetracaine

Question 18

what is slit lamp examination

Answer 18

binocular microscope that lets you see a 3D view of the eye

Question 19

what is slit lamp examination most useful to look for?

Answer 19

Most useful to look at the anterior part of eye
corneal abrasions
foreign bodies
truama

Question 20

what is the use of fluorescein staining?

Answer 20

looks at defect in corneal epithelium (use anesthetic drop!)

Question 21

how do you test for suspected foreign bodies? what is often seen?

Answer 21

eyelid eversion
* often have a vertical defect with fluorescein staining

Question 22

how do you test visual distortion?

Answer 22

Amsler grid

Question 23

when should you refer to ophthalmology

Answer 23

-when sight is worse than 20/20 with visual symptoms in one or both eyes
-when sight is worse than 20/40 in both eyes even without symptoms
-asymmetry (difference of 2 lines or more on snellen chart)
presbyopia (reduced near vision with no change is distance)
abnormal fundus appearance
elevated intraoculuar pressure >22mmHg