Diagnostic medications

Question 1

Mydriatic drugs cause the pupil to

Answer 1

Dilate

Question 2

The main use of a mydriatic drop is

Answer 2

Facilitate the examination of the lens and fundus

Question 3

What are the side effects of mydriatics?

Answer 3

Stinging on administration, headache, photophobia, increased BP.

Question 4

What is a commonly used mydriatic?

Answer 4

Phenylephrine in 2.5%/10% strengths

Question 5

The pupillary dilation produced by mydriatic drops can be reversed by instilling _______

Answer 5

Dapiprazole 0.5%

Question 6

Is Dapiprazole 0.5% still available in the US?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

What drugs temporarily paralyze the the iris sphincter muscle, causing passive dilation of the pupil by preventing constriction

Answer 7

Cycloplegic

Question 8

How are cycloplegics different from mydriatics?

Answer 8

Cycloplegics both dilate the pupil and paralyze accommodation. Mydriatics only dilate the pupil

Question 9

The main uses of cycloplegic drops are

Answer 9

performing a refraction that requires an absence of accommodation, conducting a fundus exam, treating uveitis, treating postoperative intraocular inflammation

Question 10

What are some side effects of cycloplegics?

Answer 10

stinging upon administration, blurred vision and difficulty with near vision, photophobia, dry mouth, fever

Question 11

Cycloplegic drops are separated into what 2 categories?

Answer 11

Long acting and short acting

Question 12

what are shorter-acting cycloplegics used for?

Answer 12

refraction and retinal examinations.

Question 13

What is an example of a shorter-acting cycloplegic drop?

Answer 13

Tropicamide 0.5%

Question 14

What are longer-acting cycloplegics used for?

Answer 14

refraction and treatment of uveitis

Question 15

What are some examples of longer-acting cycloplegic drops?

Answer 15

Cyclopentolate (only slightly longer acting)

Homatropine, Atropine, Scopolamine

Question 16

What are the common dyes used in ophthalmology?

Answer 16

fluorescein, rose bengal, and lissamine green

Question 17

What are dyes used for in ophthalmology?

Answer 17

to temporarily stain cells or systems within the eye to outline or highlight defects in their structure or function

Question 18

Which dye is also available as a solution for injection?

Answer 18

Fluorescein

Question 19

A drug that causes a temporary deadening of a nerve, resulting in loss of feeling in the surrounding tissue is an?

Answer 19

Anesthetic

Question 20

What can happen if one uses an anesthetic drop in excess?

Answer 20

irreversible corneal damage and even complete destruction of the cornea

Question 21

What are some common topical ophthalmic anesthetics?

Answer 21

proparacaine 0.5%, tetracaine 0.5% 1% 2%, Xylocaine, Fluress

Question 22

What are common injectable anesthetics?

Answer 22

Lidocaine 1% 2%, Mepivacaine 1% 2%