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fourth year > diagnostic imaging > Flashcards

diagnostic imaging Flashcards

1
Q

Presenting an image considerations

A

details: name, DoB, weight (+C contrast).
Type, mode. technical quality.

obvious abnormalities, lines, leads or tubes. , asymmetry.

differential diagnosis.

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2
Q

X-Ray presenting terminology

A

radiodensity.

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3
Q

US presenting terminology

A

echogenicity.

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4
Q

CT presenting terminology

A

attenuation.

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5
Q

MRI presenting terminology

A

signal intensity.

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6
Q

four cardinal elements of CXR

A

bone, air fat and water (Soft tissue).

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7
Q

technical aspects of a CXR

A

rotation: sternal ends of clavicles should be symmetrical overlie the 4/5th thoracic vertebrae.
inspiration: 5-7 ribs visible.

Exposure: definition of image

position: lung margin should be visible.

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8
Q

CXR nodules differentials to consider

A

neoplasia (metastatic), septic emboli, abscess, granulomas, sarcoidosis , pneumoconiosis

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9
Q

reticular opacification on a CXR refers to

A

lung parenchymal changes.

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10
Q

reticular opacification CXR differentials

A

acute interstitial oedema, infection, fibrosis, malignancy

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11
Q

alveolar opacification CXR differentials

A

pus, blood, water, cells or protein.

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12
Q

ring opacities CXR differentials

A

abscess, tumour or pulmonary infarct (wedge shaped)

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13
Q

linear opacities CXR differentials

A

Septal lines, pleural plaques (asbestosis)

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14
Q

SVC begins at

A

right 1st anterior intercostal space

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15
Q

right atrium lies at the level of the

A

3rd intercostal space

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16
Q

the carina should be visible at the level of

A

T5-T7 thoracic vertebrae

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17
Q

the right atrial appendage sits at the level of

A

the 3rd intercostal space

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18
Q

indications for an AXR

A

obstruction or intussusception, acute flare of IBD, renal colic with stones, ingestion of foreign body.

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19
Q

AXR thumb printing seen in

A

large bowel ischaemia and colitis - protrusion of thickened mural folds into lumen.

20
Q

AXR coffee bean sign seen in

A

sigmoid and caecal volvulae - grossly dilates segments of bowel

21
Q

small bowel gas patterns

A

smaller calibre, smaller central loops, folds that go from wall to wall, grey

22
Q

large bowel gas patterns

A

larger, peripheral, semi lunar folds, blacker

23
Q

ileus gas pattern

A

both large and small bowel, no clear transition.

24
Q

AXR Rigler’s sign

A

gas on both sides of the bowel wall.

25
Q

Hounsfield Scale HU is for

A

greyscale of the pixel in a CT

26
Q

CT ideal for

A

monitoring and staging, intracranial pathology, trauma, pre-operative assessment of complex masses, acute abdomen and following abdominal surgery.

27
Q

MRI enable us to see the distribution of what in the body

A

fat, tissue and water through the body

28
Q

the most common weight of MRI image is

A

T1 weight (anatomy) or T2 (disease)

29
Q

MRI is ideal for

A

soft tissues, MSK, intracranial, neck

30
Q

contraindications for MRI

A

pacemakers, metallic foreign bodies, shrapnel, surgical clips etc

31
Q

cardiac CT routine in

A

suspected dissections, ruptured aneurysms and thrombosis

32
Q

1st line imaging choice for abnormal LFT’s, jaundice, hepatomegaly, renal dysfunction, abdominal masses

A

US.

33
Q

ideal imaging for liver, biliary system, pancreas, and pancreatic duct

A

MRI.

34
Q

1st line imaging choice for renal colic

A

CT

35
Q

ureterograms useful for

A

ureteric anatomy, transitional cell carcinoma

36
Q

CT in acute stroke is often used to exclude

A

haemorrhage

37
Q

medical emergencies for imaging

A 
cauda equina syndrome
thoracic aortic dissection/ leaking aortic 
AKI
acute Pulmonary oedema 
Acute abdomen with signs of peritonism 
traumatic midline cervical tenderness
acute focal neurology.
38
Q

emergencies that shouldn’t be delayed with imaging

A

testicular torsion
tension pneumothorax
intrabdominal haemorrhage or viscous rupture

39
Q

sodium reference level

A

135-145mmol/L

40
Q

potassium reference level

A

3.5-5.3 mmol/L

41
Q

glucose reference level

A

3.5-5.5mmmol/L

42
Q

ABG PH

A

7.35-7.45

43
Q

ABG PAO2

A

> 10.6kPa

44
Q

ABG PACO2

A

4.7-6.0kPa

45
Q

male haemoglobin

A

130-180g/L

46
Q

female haemoglobin

A

115-160g/L

47
Q

Mean cell volume

A

76-96fL

fourth year (12 decks)

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