Diagnostic Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

What diagnostic imaging uses ionising radiation?

A

X-ray, CT and nuclear medicine

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2
Q

What diagnostic imaging doesn’t use ionising radiation?

A

MRI, ultrasound

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3
Q

In X-rays: What body tissues are black, grey and white?

A

Black: Air/fat Grey: Soft tissue White: Bone, calcium, metal, contrast agents

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4
Q

How is tissue contrast improved?

A

Contrast agents: Barium, Iodine -> introduced by swallowing, via rectum, artery, vein

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5
Q

What are CT scans?

A

Computed tomography: X-rays spin around patient and detector feeds info to computer, which form the cross-sectional map of tissue

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6
Q

How do the different tissues appear on the CT?

A

Same as X-rays but can differentiate soft tissue and water: water - dark grey

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7
Q

What is special about CTs?

A

Can form windows - focusing on each tissue in the body Can take images from different planes: sagittal, axial, coronal -> so can form 3D images

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8
Q

What contrast agents are used in CTs?

A

Iodine injected into arm vein during scan - makes blood vessels easier to see and differentiates pathological from normal tissue

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9
Q

What is ultrasound?

A

High frequency sound to make images - completely safe

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10
Q

How has US advanced?

A

Images used to be difficult to interpret but now there are 3D versions, and have become pocket US machines

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11
Q

What is MRI?

A

Strong magnet, supercooled with liquid He or N2 Transmits radio waves, and sound returns to form image

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12
Q

How does MRI T1 and 2 differentiate?

A

Cortical bone - Black Bone marrow - White Soft tissue - Grey Fluid - T1(Black) T2(White) Fat - White Air - Black

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13
Q

What is nuclear medicine?

A

Radioactive tracers that emit radiation with images firmed by detecting radiation coming out of the patient

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14
Q

What is Positron Emission Tomography?

A

Detects metabolic or function changes, effective in identifying cancer - if present, spreading or responding to treatment

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15
Q

What combination of diagnostic imaging is good for localisation of cancers?

A

PET, CT, MRI - more specific than PET alone

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16
Q

How can X-rays be sent through the patient?

A

PA and AP - doesn’t make a difference to positioning in the image, just how clearly some objects are seen