Diagnostic Findings And Labs

Question 1

What are the diagnostic tests used for patients with HF?

Answer 1

• echocardiogram (to determine the EF (ejection fraction), identify an atomic features such as structural abnormalities and valve malfunction, and to confirm diagnosis of HF)
• chest x-ray
  
  • may reveal cardiomegaly and pleural effusions and bilateral infiltrations
• 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG)
  
  • may reflect heart strain, enlargement, or ischemia. It may also reveal atrial enlargement, tachycardia, extrasystole, or atrial fibrillation
• cardiac stress testing or cardiac catheterization may be performed to determine whether CAD and cardiac ischemia are causing HF

Question 2

What are the labs necessary to look at?

Answer 2

• Serum electrolytes
• BUN
• Creatinine
• Liver function tests (may be abnormal and hyperbilirubinemia can result in severe cases)
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone
• Complete blood count (CBC)
  
  • may reveal anemia or leukocytosis, suggesting infection
• BNP (KEY indicator of HF!! High levels are sign of high cardiac filling pressure and can aid in both the diagnosis and management of HF)
• Urinalysis
• cardiac enzymes