Diagnostic Approach to Anaemia

Question 1

What are the red cell parameters used to assess Anaemia?

Answer 1

• Mean Cell Volume
• Mean Hb per RBC
• Mean cell Hb concentration
• Red cell distribution width

Question 2

What are the different types of White Blood Cells?

Answer 2

• Neutrophils
• Lymphocytes
• Eosinophils
• Monocytes

Question 3

What is the normal range of neutrophil levels?

Answer 3

2.0-7.5 x 10^9/L

• Increased levels => neutrophils
• Decreased levels => neutropenia

Question 4

What are the causes of Neutrophilia?

Answer 4

• Bacterial infection
• Inflammation
• Myoproliferative disease
• Steroids
• Disseminated malignancy
• Stress

Question 5

What are the causes of Neutropenia?

Answer 5

• Viral infection
• Drugs
• Severe sepsis
• Neutrophil antibodies present
• Hyposplenism
• Bone marrow failure

Question 6

What is the normal range or lymphocyte levels?

Answer 6

1.5-4.5 x 10^9/L

• Increased levels => lymphocytosis
• Decreased levels => lymphopenia

Question 7

What are the causes of Lymphocytosis?

Answer 7

• Acute viral infections
• Chronic infection
• Leukemia + Lymphomas

Question 8

What are the causes of Lymphopenia?

Answer 8

• Steroid therapy
• Post chemo
• Radiotherapy
• SLE
• Uraemia
• Marrow infiltration

Question 9

What is the normal range of Eosinophils levels?

Answer 9

0.04-0.4 x 10^9/L

Question 10

What causes an increase in Eosinophil levels?

Answer 10

• Hyperosinophilic syndrome
• Drug reactions
• Atopy
• Parasitic infections
• Skin diseases

Question 11

What is Hyperinophilic syndrome?

Answer 11

Severe idiopathic disease with increased eosinophil count, and end organ damage

Question 12

What is the normal range of Monocytes levels?

Answer 12

0.2-0.8 x 10^9/L

Question 13

What are the causes of an increased Monocyte level?

Answer 13

• Post chemo or radiotherapy
• Chronic infections
• Malignancy
• Myelodysplasia