Diagnosis: other abnormalities Flashcards
pathology behind non rhythm changes to ECG trace
wide bifid P waves
P Mitrale:
mitral stenosis
Left atrial dilatation or hypertrophy.
Peaked P waves
P. Pulmonale:
R. Artrial enlargment, Pulmonary Hypertension (primary, congestive heart failure, tricuspid stenosis)
increased amplitude QRS
specifically sum of height of S wave in V1 and R wave in V6 >35mm
L Ventricular hypertrophy:
may also cause ST depression in lateral leads. this combinatino is called strain pattern
Decreased amplitude QRS
L Ventricular compression
pericarditis, hyperinflation / emphysema
Wide QRS (> 3 small squares)
abnormal conduction through bundle of HIS
causes- tricyclics, many many pathologies WPW)
Wide QRS with
- RSR in V1
- Deep S wave in V6
RBBB
-deep S in V1
-RSR in V6
+/- Wide complex and highly biazzaire ECG appearance overall
LBBB
this can be a sign of MI
Stop interpretation LBBB deranges other measurments
ST elevation over leads in one plain only
STEMI
Diffuse ST elevation saddle shaped
Pericarditis
Horizontal ST Depression
cardiac ischaemia:
angina, NSTEMI, hypokalaemia
reverse tick (downsloping) ST depression
Digoxin, ischaemia
T Wave inversion in chest leads V2 onwards 1 or 2
?NSTEMI
Tall Tented T waves
Hyperkaleamia
associated with P wave flattening/ loss
+ wide QRS
Flat broad T waves
hypokalaemia
ST depression and long QT
Completely erratic electrical activity
Ventricular Fib (shockable)
Broad complex tachycarida regular but highly abnormal
VT (shockable)
normal eCG trace but with no associated cardiac output
Pusles Electrical Activity (NON-shockable)
baseline with no waves or p waves and no corresponding ventricular activity
Asystole (p wave asystole)
