Diagnosis: other abnormalities

Question 1

wide bifid P waves

Answer 1

P Mitrale:
mitral stenosis
Left atrial dilatation or hypertrophy.

Question 2

Peaked P waves

Answer 2

P. Pulmonale:

R. Artrial enlargment, Pulmonary Hypertension (primary, congestive heart failure, tricuspid stenosis)

Question 3

increased amplitude QRS

specifically sum of height of S wave in V1 and R wave in V6 >35mm

Answer 3

L Ventricular hypertrophy:

may also cause ST depression in lateral leads. this combinatino is called strain pattern

Question 4

Decreased amplitude QRS

Answer 4

L Ventricular compression

pericarditis, hyperinflation / emphysema

Question 5

Wide QRS (> 3 small squares)

Answer 5

abnormal conduction through bundle of HIS

causes- tricyclics, many many pathologies WPW)

Question 6

Wide QRS with

• RSR in V1
• Deep S wave in V6

Answer 6

RBBB

Question 7

-deep S in V1
-RSR in V6
+/- Wide complex and highly biazzaire ECG appearance overall

Answer 7

LBBB
this can be a sign of MI
Stop interpretation LBBB deranges other measurments

Question 8

ST elevation over leads in one plain only

Answer 8

STEMI

Question 9

Diffuse ST elevation saddle shaped

Answer 9

Pericarditis

Question 10

Horizontal ST Depression

Answer 10

cardiac ischaemia:

angina, NSTEMI, hypokalaemia

Question 11

reverse tick (downsloping) ST depression

Answer 11

Digoxin, ischaemia

Question 12

T Wave inversion in chest leads V2 onwards 1 or 2

Answer 12

?NSTEMI

Question 13

Tall Tented T waves

Answer 13

Hyperkaleamia
associated with P wave flattening/ loss
+ wide QRS

Question 14

Flat broad T waves

Answer 14

hypokalaemia

ST depression and long QT

Question 15

Completely erratic electrical activity

Answer 15

Ventricular Fib (shockable)

Question 16

Broad complex tachycarida regular but highly abnormal

Answer 16

VT (shockable)

Question 17

normal eCG trace but with no associated cardiac output

Answer 17

Pusles Electrical Activity (NON-shockable)

Question 18

baseline with no waves or p waves and no corresponding ventricular activity

Answer 18

Asystole (p wave asystole)