Diagnosis of Pregnancy Flashcards
methods for definitive diagnosis of pregnancy
detecting the fetal heart rate
fetal movement
visualizing the fetus
methods for detecting the fetal heart rate
trans-vag sonogram @ 4-5
trans-ab sonography @ 6
US @ 12
Ausc. with stethoscope @ 18-20 (weeks)
methods for observing fetal movement
mother, physicians hands, sonography
methods for visualization of the fetus
US,
X-ray (no danger less than 5 rad, CXR is .05 mrad)
Methods of probably evidence for pregnancy
ab enlargement
uterine changes
endocrine tests
types of uterine changes during pregnancy
McDonald sign - flexion of the uterine body on cervix, secondary to uterine softening
Hegar sign - softening of the lower uterus
Cervical changes - Chadwick’s sign - blue discoloration cervix
Goodell’s sign - cervical softening
endocrine tests
serum beta-hCG - sensitive at 2 days post implant
urine test - 99% effective
presumptive changes suspicious of pregnancy
cessation of menses
breast changes (heaviness or soreness)
skin and vaginal changes (chloasma - card to follow)
nausea (morning sickness)
bladder irritability
fatigue
perception of fetal movement (quickening)
what is chloasma?
facial pigmentation that occurs with pregnancy
how do physician’s initially determine age of the fetus?
weeks since last missed period
what is Nagele’s rule?
add 7 days subtract three months to determine due date
what are two methods for determining timing later in the pregnancy?
measurement of the fundal height and timing of the onset of quickening
when should quickening begin?
16-20 weeks
what is the correlation between fundal height and age of gestation?
20 weeks = 20 cm
32 weeks = 32 cm
only accurate in that time range
