diagnosis and classification

Question 1

what are the two diagnostic manuals of diagnosimg schizophrenia

Answer 1

• DSMV
• ICD-10

Question 2

what does DSMV stand for?

Answer 2

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

Question 3

what does ICD-10 stand for?

Answer 3

international statistical classification of diseases

Question 4

where is the dsmv usually used?

Answer 4

mostly used around the world

Question 5

where is the ICD-10 used

Answer 5

it is only used in the uk and europe

Question 6

what does reliability in schizophrenia refer to

Answer 6

• a level of agreement of diagnosis by psychiatraits across times and cultures
• the stability of the diagnosis over time, no change in symptoms

Question 7

what does validity in schizophrenia refer to?

Answer 7

• a valid diagnosis should result in the correct treatment and prognosis (predictive validity)

Question 8

validity weakness

explain the work of david rosenhan and john nash

invalid diagnosises

Answer 8

• rosenhan recruited 8 people each went to a seperate psychiatrist reporting auditry hallucinations
• when admitted they acted normal, all but 1 were diagnised with S
• all detained for 7-52 days
• rosenhan warned institutions they could have more fake patients trying to get themsleves admitted

Question 9

reliability weakness

explain the work of Copeland 1991

cultures

Answer 9

• cultures and countries influence the reliabiliy in diagnosis
• copelanf gave 134 UK and US psychiatrists a description of a patient and asked them to diagnose
• 69% of US doctors diagnosed with S, only 2% of UK doctors dagnosed S
• shows some doctors are more liekly to diagnose s ,throwing doubt into the reliability of diagnosises gven

Question 10

reliability weakness

explain the work of Loring and Powell 1988

gender bias

Answer 10

• some studies say the diagnostic crtieria is biased towards pathologising one gender over the other
• L+P asked 290 psychiatrists to diagnose 2 patients from their case notes
• when described as male, 56% were diagnosed with s
• when female only 20% were dignosed with s
• this gender bias wasnt evident among female psychiatrists
• causing reliability problems as it suggests that a S diagnosis is influenced by the gender of the patient and the consultant

Question 11

validity weakness

explain the workof Bhui 1998

symptom overlap

Answer 11

• it can be difficult to differentiate s from other illnesses
• Bhui found that symptoms of s may be found in those suffering from epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and brain tumours
• reducing validity as this could lead to false negative/positive diagnosises