Diagnoses And Impairments To Know

Question 1

Wallenberg Syndrome

Answer 1

• Dysphagia
• Dysphonia
• Vertigo
• Nystagmus
• IL ataxia, dyskinesia, or intention tremor
• Impaired sensation IL face, CL torso/limbs

Question 2

Horner’s Syndrome

Answer 2

• Eyelid ptosis (drooping)
• Pupil constriction
• Loss of IL facial sweating
• Loss of pain and temperature to CL torso and limbs
• Dysphagia
• Dysphonia

Question 3

Meningitis — signs, diagnosis, and treatment

Answer 3

• Fever
• Headache
• Vomiting
• Stiff and painful neck; nuchal rigidity
• Pain in lumbar and posterior thigh
• Brudzinski’s sign (flexion of neck facilitates flexion of hips and knees)
• Kernig’s sign (pain with hip flexion combined with knee extension)
• Sensitivity to light
• Lumbar puncture is the gold standard for diagnosis
• Treatment includes antibiotic, antimicrobial, and steroids

Question 4

Hydrocephalus

Answer 4

• Enlarged head or bulging fontanelles in infants
• Headache
• Changes in vision
• Large veins noted on scalp
• Behavioral changes
• Seizures
• Alterations in appetite, vomiting
• “Sun setting” sign or downward deviation of the eyes
• Incontinence

Question 5

Impairment in the vestibulospinal tract results in

Answer 5

• Paralysis
• Hypertonicity
• Exaggerated DTRs
• Clasp-knife reaction

Question 6

Impairment in the corticospinal (lateral) tract results in

Answer 6

• • Babinski
• Absent superficial abdominal reflex
• Absent cremasteric reflex
• Loss of fine motor or skilled voluntary movement