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NPTE - Neuromuscular And Nervous System > Brain Anatomy > Flashcards

Brain Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Telencephalon is comprised of

A
  • Cerebrum
  • Hippocampus
  • Basal Ganglia
  • Amygdala
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2
Q

The cerebral hemispheres are joined by

A

White matter, termed corpus callosum, which relays info from one side of the brain to the other

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3
Q

Interhemispheric fissure (medial longitudinal)

A

Separates 2 cerebral hemispheres

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4
Q

Sylvian fissure (lateral)

A

Separates temporal and frontal, as well as temporal and parietal lobes

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5
Q

Central sulcus (sulcus of Rolando)

A

Separates the frontal and parietal lobes laterally

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6
Q

Parietal-Occipital sulcus

A

Seperates the parietal and occipital lobes medially

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7
Q

Calcarine sulcus

A

Separates the occipital lobe into superior and inferior halves

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8
Q

Hippocampus

A
  • Forming and storing new memories of ones personal history
  • Forming and storing declarative memory
  • “Memory indexer”
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9
Q

Basal ganglia

A
  • Voluntary movement
  • Regulation of autonomic movement
  • Posture
  • Muscle tone
  • Control of motor responses
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10
Q

Basal ganglia dysfunction is associated with which conditions?

A
  • HD
  • PD
  • Tourette’s
  • Attention Deficit Disorder
  • OCD
  • Many addictions
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11
Q

Amygdala

A
  • Emotional and social processing
  • Fear
  • Pleasure
  • Arousal
  • Emotional memory processing
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12
Q

Diencephalon is comprised of

A
  • Thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Epithalamus
  • Subthalamus
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13
Q

Thalamus

A
  • Relay/processing station for majority of info that goes to cerebral cortex
  • Coordinates sensory perception and movement with other parts of the brain and spinal cord
  • Receives info from cerebellum, BG, and all sensory pathways except olfactory tract
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14
Q

Damage to the thalamus can produce this condition

A

Thalamic pain syndrome, where there is spontaneous pain on the CL side of the body to the thalamic lesion

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15
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • Assists in regulating hormones
  • Controls hunger, sexual behavior, thirst and sleeping
  • Regulates body temperature
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16
Q

Lesions to the hypothalamus can produce

A
  • Obesity
  • Sexual disinterest
  • Poor temperature control
  • Diabetes insipidus
17
Q

Subthalamus

A
  • Regulating movements produced by skeletal muscle
18
Q

Epithalamus

A
  • Represented by the pineal gland, which secretes melatonin and is involved in circadian rhythm and emotions
19
Q

The midbrain (mesencephalon) is reflex center for ___ and is comprised of ___

A
  • Reflex center for visual, auditory, and tactile responses
  • Tectum
  • Tegmentum
20
Q

Tectum is comprised of

A

Superior and inferior colliculi

21
Q

Tegmentum is comprised of

A

Cerebral aqueduct, periaqueductal grey, reticular formation, substantia nigra, red nucleus

22
Q

The hindbrain (rhombencephalon) is comprised of

A
  • Cerebellum
  • Pons
  • Medulla oblongota
23
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • Fine tuning of movement
  • Maintaining posture and balance by controlling muscle tone and positioning of extremities in space
  • Rapid alternating movements
24
Q

Damage to the cerebellum can produce

A
  • Ataxia
  • Nystagmus
  • Tremor
  • Hypermetria
  • Poor coordination
  • Deficits in postural reflexes
  • Balance impairment
  • Equilibrium impairment
25
Q

Pons

A
  • RR
  • Orientation of the head in relation to visual and auditory stimuli
  • CN V-VIII originate here
26
Q

Medulla oblongota

A
  • RR
  • HR
  • Cough
  • Sneeze
  • Vomiting
  • Autonomic nervous activity
  • Relays somatic sensory info from internal organs and control of arousal and sleep
  • CN IX-XII
27
Q

Brainstem

A
  • HR
  • RR
  • Functions essential for survival
  • Majority of CN originate here
28
Q

Damage to the brainstem (severe) can result in

A

Brain death

NPTE - Neuromuscular And Nervous System (7 decks)

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