Brain Anatomy Flashcards
Telencephalon is comprised of
- Cerebrum
- Hippocampus
- Basal Ganglia
- Amygdala
The cerebral hemispheres are joined by
White matter, termed corpus callosum, which relays info from one side of the brain to the other
Interhemispheric fissure (medial longitudinal)
Separates 2 cerebral hemispheres
Sylvian fissure (lateral)
Separates temporal and frontal, as well as temporal and parietal lobes
Central sulcus (sulcus of Rolando)
Separates the frontal and parietal lobes laterally
Parietal-Occipital sulcus
Seperates the parietal and occipital lobes medially
Calcarine sulcus
Separates the occipital lobe into superior and inferior halves
Hippocampus
- Forming and storing new memories of ones personal history
- Forming and storing declarative memory
- “Memory indexer”
Basal ganglia
- Voluntary movement
- Regulation of autonomic movement
- Posture
- Muscle tone
- Control of motor responses
Basal ganglia dysfunction is associated with which conditions?
- HD
- PD
- Tourette’s
- Attention Deficit Disorder
- OCD
- Many addictions
Amygdala
- Emotional and social processing
- Fear
- Pleasure
- Arousal
- Emotional memory processing
Diencephalon is comprised of
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Epithalamus
- Subthalamus
Thalamus
- Relay/processing station for majority of info that goes to cerebral cortex
- Coordinates sensory perception and movement with other parts of the brain and spinal cord
- Receives info from cerebellum, BG, and all sensory pathways except olfactory tract
Damage to the thalamus can produce this condition
Thalamic pain syndrome, where there is spontaneous pain on the CL side of the body to the thalamic lesion
Hypothalamus
- Assists in regulating hormones
- Controls hunger, sexual behavior, thirst and sleeping
- Regulates body temperature
Lesions to the hypothalamus can produce
- Obesity
- Sexual disinterest
- Poor temperature control
- Diabetes insipidus
Subthalamus
- Regulating movements produced by skeletal muscle
Epithalamus
- Represented by the pineal gland, which secretes melatonin and is involved in circadian rhythm and emotions
The midbrain (mesencephalon) is reflex center for ___ and is comprised of ___
- Reflex center for visual, auditory, and tactile responses
- Tectum
- Tegmentum
Tectum is comprised of
Superior and inferior colliculi
Tegmentum is comprised of
Cerebral aqueduct, periaqueductal grey, reticular formation, substantia nigra, red nucleus
The hindbrain (rhombencephalon) is comprised of
- Cerebellum
- Pons
- Medulla oblongota
Cerebellum
- Fine tuning of movement
- Maintaining posture and balance by controlling muscle tone and positioning of extremities in space
- Rapid alternating movements
Damage to the cerebellum can produce
- Ataxia
- Nystagmus
- Tremor
- Hypermetria
- Poor coordination
- Deficits in postural reflexes
- Balance impairment
- Equilibrium impairment
Pons
- RR
- Orientation of the head in relation to visual and auditory stimuli
- CN V-VIII originate here
Medulla oblongota
- RR
- HR
- Cough
- Sneeze
- Vomiting
- Autonomic nervous activity
- Relays somatic sensory info from internal organs and control of arousal and sleep
- CN IX-XII
Brainstem
- HR
- RR
- Functions essential for survival
- Majority of CN originate here
Damage to the brainstem (severe) can result in
Brain death
