Diabetic Medications 5/2024 Flashcards
What medication class, -gliflozin?
SGLT-2 inhibitors
What medication class, Victoza?
GLP-1 agonist
(Liraglutide)
What medication class, Ozempic?
GLP-1 agonist
(Semaglutide)
What are contraindications to GLP-1 use?
History of thyroid cancer in self or family or history of multiple endocrine neoplasia
What medication class, Jardiance?
SGLT-2 inhibitor
(Empagliflozin)
What is GLP-1 and what does it do?
Glucagon like peptide
Made in the small intestine
Signals insulin release
Blocks glucagon release
Decreases gastric motility
Increases satiety
What are the most common side effects of GLP-1’s?
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Abdominal Cramping
When can SGLT-2 medications lead to DKA?
Pancreatic insufficiency
States of reduced oral intake such as when prepping for colonoscopy, fasting, after surgery, or during pregnancy
(Usually a euglycemic DKA because you are losing sugar but not affecting insulin release)
How are GLP-1’s administered?
Injections daily or weekly
What medication class, Invokana?
SGLT-2 inhibitor
(Canagliflozin)
What medication class, Byetta?
GLP-1 agonist
(Exanetide)
How common is hypoglycemia in GLP-1 and SGLT-2 use?
Uncommon unless combined with other medications such as insulin
Most common SGLT-2 inhibitors?
Invokana (Canagliflozin)
Farxiga (Dapagliflozin)
Jardiance (Empagliflozin)
When are SGLT-2 medications favored?
Treating diabetes with heart failure or declining eGFR, but not used when eGFR is <45 as it becomes less effective at lowering A1c
What medication class, Farxiga?
SGLT-2 inhibitor
(Dapagliflozin)
What medication classes are used for weight loss?
GLP-1 agonists
SGLT-2 inhibitors
Can GLP-1’s be used in pregnancy?
No
Should be on birth control if on these medications, cause birth defects
What class of medication are -glutide, and -enatide?
GLP-1 agonists
What medication class, Trulicity?
GLP-1 agonist
(Dulaglutide)
What are the effects/mechanism of GLP-1’s?
Stimulates release of insulin from the pancreas
Slows gastric emptying
Decreases hunger
Decreased risk of cardiac disease, kidney disease and stroke
How do SGLT-2’s work?
Inhibit glucose reabsorption in the kidneys
What are the big side effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors?
Increased urine sugar leads to UTI’s, and yeast infections
Pancreatitis
Euglycemic DKA
Most common GLP-1 agonists?
Trulicity (Dulaglutide)
Byettea (Exanetide)
Ozempic (Semaglutide)
Victoza (Liraglutide)
