Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Flashcards

1
Q

what is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

A

severe hypergylcaemia

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2
Q

symptoms of DKA

A

-polyurea
-thirsty
-peardrop breath smells (ketones)
-deep or fast breathing
-lethargy/unconcious
-confusion

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3
Q

What needs to be monitored in DKA

A

Blood sugar if symptoms of DKA

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4
Q

what to do if blood sugar levels are higher than 11mmol/l

A

check ketones levels in urine and blood

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5
Q

what to do if blood sugar levels are 5-1.5mmol

A

slight risk retest in 2hr

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6
Q

what to do if blood sugar levels are 1.6-2.9mmol

A

high risk inform GP

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7
Q

what to do if blood sugar levels are 3+mmol/l

A

medical emergency

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8
Q

7 steps

DKA tx

A

1) if BP < 90 restore vol with 500mL IV NaCl 0.9%

2) if bp > 90 maintenance IV NaCl 0.9%

3) start IV insulin mixed with NaCl + adminster at a rate so that ketone conc falls at 0.5mmol/hr and blood glucose conc falls at 3mmol/hr

4) if blood glucose < 14mmol/l give IV glucose 10%

5) continue insulin till ketone <0/3mmol/l and pH > 7.3

6) when pt can eat give fasting acting insulin with meals

7) STOP tx 1hr after food

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