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Med Surg Nursing > Diabetes (Test 2) > Flashcards

Diabetes (Test 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

What should you wash feet with? What temp?

A

Wash feet daily with a mild soap and warm water. Check temperature with hands first (because of neuropathy).

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2
Q

Do you dry the feet?

A

Pat feet dry gently, especially between toes.

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3
Q

What do you examine for?

A

Examine feet daily for cuts, blisters, swelling, and reddened or sore areas. Do not depend on “feeling” sores. Because they can’t always feel them.

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4
Q

What moisturizing product do you apply to skin?

A

Use lanolin on feet to prevent skin from drying and cracking. Do not apply between toes.

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5
Q

What else do you put on feet?

A

Use mild foot powder on sweaty feet. No dampness!

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6
Q

What do you not use on feet?

A

Do not use commercial remedies to removes calluses or corns. Refer to podiatrist.

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7
Q

How do you cleanse feet? What do you not clean with?

A

Cleanse cuts with warm water and mild soap, covering with clean dressing. Do not use iodine, rubbing alcohol, or strong adhesives because it kills healthy cells as well.

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8
Q

What should you report?

A

Report skin infections or non healing sores to HCP immediately. This applies to every patient.

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9
Q

How do you cut toenails?

A

Cut toenails even with rounded contour of toes. Do not cut down corners. The best time to trim nails is after a shower or bath. But we never cut toenails in the hospital.

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10
Q

What do you do for toes?

A

Separate overlapping toes with cotton or lambs wool.

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11
Q

What shoes should the patient avoid?

A

Avoid open toe, open heel, and high heel shoes.

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12
Q

What should they wear?

A

Leather shoes are preferred to plastic. Wear slippers with soles.

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13
Q

What should they not do? What should they do?

A

Don’t go barefoot. Shake out shoes before putting them on (rocks, etc.).

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14
Q

What socks should they wear?

A

Wear clean, absorbent (cotton or wool) socks or stockings that have not been mended. Color socks must be colorfast.

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15
Q

What type of clothes should they not wear?

A

Do not wear clothing that leaves impressions, hindering circulation.

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16
Q

What should they do for feet warmth? What shouldn’t they do?

A

Do not use hot water bottles or heating pads to warm feet. Wear socks for warmth.

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17
Q

What should they guard against?

A

Frostbite.

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18
Q

How should they exercise their feet?

A

Exercise feet daily either by walking or by flexing and extending feet in suspended position. Avoid prolonged sitting, standing, and crossing of legs.

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19
Q

What types of solutions shouldn’t we use?

A

Peroxide, alcohol, betadine, chloroprep

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20
Q

What is the best treatment for this diabetic wound complication?

A

Prevention.

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21
Q

Can insulin be taken orally?

A

No.

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22
Q

Where is the fastest absorption for subq injection for self admin?

A

Abdomen, then arm, thigh, and buttock.

23
Q

What is the preferred site for insulin subq self injection?

A

Abdomen.

24
Q

How should you rotate injection sites?

A

Within one particular site.

25
Q

Where should you not inject?

A

In site to be exercised.

26
Q

How is insulin usually available?

A

As U100.

27
Q

How much is 1 mL of insulin?

A

100 units

28
Q

What is an insulin pump?

A

Continuous subq infusion.

29
Q

What is an insulin powered by?

A

Battery power.

30
Q

How is an insulin pump connected?

A

Connected via plastic tubing to a catheter inserted into subq tissue in abdominal wall.

31
Q

What does an insulin pump have the potential for?

A

Tight glucose control.

32
Q

What do you need to make sure about med and syringe before administering?

A

Make sure they are both U100.

33
Q

Do you still need to use alcohol and gloves in hospital as a patient?

A

Yes.

34
Q

When do you need no alcohol swab before injection?

A

No alcohol swab on site needed before injection (patient teaching only).

35
Q

When is hand washing with soap adequate?

A

Patient teaching only.

36
Q

Do you recap the needle?

A

No.

37
Q

What angle do you inject in?

A

45-90 degrees, 45 if patient is thin

38
Q

What new product is now available?

A

Insulin pens preloaded with insulin.

39
Q

What are 5 problems with insulin therapy?

A

Hypoglycemia, allergic reaction, lipodystrophy, somogyi effect, dawn phenomenon.

40
Q

What is hypoglycemia caused by?

A

Admin of too much insulin or admin too soon before meals. They need to eat within 15 minutes.

41
Q

What is an allergic reaction to insulin?

A

Itching, erythema, and burning around the injection site.

42
Q

Is true insulin allergy common?

A

No. It used to be more common when insulin was made from animals.

43
Q

What is lipodystrophy?

A

Atrophy of subq tissue.

44
Q

When does lipodystrophy occur? How can it be avoided?

A

Occurs if same injection sites are used frequently. Teach patients to rotate sites.

45
Q

What is the somogyi effect?

A

Rebound effect in which an overdose of insulin causes hypoglycemia.

46
Q

When does the somogyi effect usually occur?

A

Usually during hours of sleep.

47
Q

What are released during the somogyi effect? What happens as a result of this?

A

Counter-regulatory hormones are released. Rebound hyperglycemia and ketosis occur.

48
Q

What is the dawn phenomenon?

A

Characterized by hyperglycemia present on awakening in the morning.

49
Q

What causes the dawn phenomenon?

A

Release of counter-regulatory hormones in predawn hours.

50
Q

What are possible factors in dawn phenomenon?

A

Growth hormone/cortisol. Because of this, adolescents in puberty are much more likely to have this.

51
Q

How soon should you admin the insulin after preparing it?

A

Within 5 minutes.

52
Q

What cannot be mixed with other insulins?

A

Lantus.

53
Q

When should insulin be mixed with other meds?

A

Insulin should not be mixed with any other med unless approved by the prescriber.

Med Surg Nursing (7 decks)

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