diabetes review (lecture) Flashcards
What criteria is used to diagnose diabetes ?
WHO criteria
What is involved in the WHO criteria for diagnosis diabetes ?
- Fasting blood glucose
- 2hr post-prandial blood glucose
- HbA1c test (type 2 only)
What is the gold standard test for diabetes ?
Oral glucose tolerance test
Come fasting, have a blood test
Have a sugary drink, blood test again after 2 hrs
How is the Oral glucose tolerance test done ?
- patient comes fasting
- has a blood test
- drinks/eats sugary drink/food
- blood test again after 2hrs
What blood glucose level is considered diabetic in the ‘fasting’ blood test ?
when fasting, diabetes >7 mmol/L
What blood glucose level is considered diabetic in the ‘2hr post-prandial’ blood test ?
after eating, diabetes >11 mmol/L
What HbA1c level is diagnostic of type 2 diabetes ?
> 48 mmol/mol on 2 occasions
What blood glucose level is considered pre-diabetic in the ‘fasting’ blood test ?
6.1-6.9 mmol/L
What blood glucose level is considered pre-diabetic in the ‘2hr post-prandial’ blood test ?
>7.8-11 mmol/L
What HbA1c level is considered pre-diabetic to type 2 diabetes ?
42-48
What main types of diabetes are there ?
- Type 1
- Type 2
- Gestational
- Type 3
- secondary
- monogenic
What occurs in type 1 diabetes ?
loss of insulin production
autoimmune beta-cell destruction
What occurs in type 2 diabetes ?
loss of insulin function
secretory defects/insulin resistance
What occurs in gestational diabetes ?
body cant make enough insulin during pregnancy
What is type 3 diabetes ?
neurones in the brain cannot respond to insulin
