Diabetes Prevention and Non-Pharm Management Flashcards

1
Q

ABCDES of Diabetes Care

A
A: A1C (under 7)
B: BP (under 130/80)
C: Cholestrol (LDL under 2)
D: Drugs to protect heart
E: Exercise/healthy eating
S: Screening for complications, smoking cessation, self management, stress, other barriers
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2
Q

How much
1. Aerobic exercise
2. Resistance exercise
should you do a week?

A
  1. 150 mins/week

2. 60-90 mins/week

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3
Q

Exercise fuel paradox

A

Protect muscle glycogen but also want to protect blood glucose

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4
Q

4 ways to control blood glucose

A

Block entry of glucose into some tissues
Mobilize glucose from the liver
Enhance gluconeogenesis in liver
Mobilize FFA from adipose tissue

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5
Q

4 effects of insulin on the liver

A

Promotes glycogen synthesis/inhibits glycogenolysis
Promotes glycolysis/inhibits gluconeogenesis
Promotes lipid synthesis and storage
Promotes protein synthesis

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6
Q

3 effects of insulin on the muscle

A

Promotes glucose uptake
Promotes glycogen synthesis
Promotes protein synthesis

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7
Q

2 effects of insulin in adipose tissue

A

Promotes glucose uptake

Promotes lipid synthesis and storage

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8
Q

Exercise inhibits all the functions of insulin except for what 2 things?

A

In the liver: promotes glycolysis

Muscle: promotes glucose uptake

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9
Q

Effects of epinephrine on liver, muscle, fat and pancreas

A

Liver: promotes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
Muscle: promotes glucose uptake, glycogenolysis, glycolysis
Adipose: promotes lipolysis
Pancreas: inhibits insulin secretion, promotes glucagon secretion
OVERALL: mobilizes fuel

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10
Q

What is the main intramuscular glucose transporter?

A

GLUT4

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11
Q

3 main actions of insulin binding to its receptor

A

Cell growth and proliferation
Activate glycogen synthesis
Translocation of glucose transporter GLUT4 to plasma membrane stimulating glucose uptake

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12
Q

Exercise results in GLUT4 translocation independent or dependent of insulin?

A

Independent!

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13
Q

3 goals of diabetes prevention

A

Delaying the onset of diabetes
Preserving beta cell function
Preventing or delaying microvascular and perhaps cardiovascular complication

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14
Q

Which is the only drug recommended for diabetes prevention?

A

Metformin

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15
Q

Why are drugs other than metformin not recommended for DM prevention?

A

Lack of preventive efficacy or modest benefit in reducing the incidence of diabetes in the short term
Side effects
Absence of proven CV benefit

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