Diabetes Overview Flashcards
What are the two broad categories of diabetes?
- Diabetes mellitus
- Diabetes insipidus
In which way are insulin molecules stored?
Hexamers
Why does type 1 DM develop?
Complete destruction of pancreatic B cells
Why does type 2 DM develop?
Relative insulin deficiency
Inadequate insulin production/secretion/insulin resistance
MODY is usually due to what?
Failure of insulin synthesis, release or activity
Diabetes mellitus is an umbrella term encompassing conditions which are characterised in which ways?
Metabolic diseases characterised by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both
What is HbA1c?
Haemoglobin A1c
This is a glycated version of haemoglobin (Hb that joins with glucose)
Why is measuring HbA1c levels useful?
It gives a measure of blood glucose levels
Diabetes can be diagnosed at which levels of HbA1c?
48mmol/mol
What are the normal levels of HbA1c?
< 41mmol/mol
Diabetes can be diagnosed with a fasting glucose level of what?
7mmol/l
What are normal fasting blood glucose levels according to the WHO?
< 6.1mmol/l
What are truly normal fasting blood glucose levels?
< 5.6 mmol/l
(diabetes is not diagnosed above this level)
What is an OGTT?
Oral glucose tolerance test
Diabetes can be diagnosed at what glucose level after a 2hr OGTT?
11.1mmol/l