Diabetes MX Flashcards
5 Mechanisms of actions that 7 classes of oral meds act by
- Increase tissue sensitivity to insulin and inhibit hepatic glucoseproduction
- Increase insulin secretion by the pancreas
- Inhibit digestion and absorption of starches in the small intestine
- Increase active levels of incretin hormones with resultant increases in pancreatic insulin production, suppression of glucagon production, and inhibition of hepatic glucose production
- decrease renal reabsorption of glucose
Incretin hormone
hormone that stimulates insulin secretion in response to nutrient intake
Action: Enhance insulin sensitivity, inhibit hepatic glucose
production
Thiazolidinediones (PPAR-gamma agonists)
OR
Biguanides*
1st line of prescription for diabetes
Biguanides (Metformin is the optimal first line drug)
ACTION: Stimulate insulin secretion by the pancreas
Sulfonylureas
OR
Meglitinides
ACTION: Inhibit digestion and absorption of starches in small intestine
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
ACTION:
Increase active levels of incretin hormones
increase in pancreatic insulin production,
suppression of glucagonproduction
and hepatic glucose production
Dipetidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors
ACTION: Inhibits renal re-absorption of glucose
Gliflozins
[-] SIDE EFFECTS: lower BP weight loss increased UTI risk elevated LDL bone mineral density
Glifozins
[-] SIDE EFFECTS:
nausea/vomiting (early)
? pancreatic cancer
? pancreatitis
DPP-4 inhibitors
[-] SIDE EFFECTS
GI upset
bloating
flatulence
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
[-] SIDE EFFECTS
weight gain
hypoglycemia
Sulfonylureas
OR
Meglitinides
[-] SIDE EFFECTS
weight neutral
GI upset/discomfort
Biguanides
[-] SIDE EFFECTS
weight gain,
edema,
increased risk of CVevents (rosiglitazone)
Thiazolidinediones
What drug is most like to cause hypoglecimia
sulfonylureas
