Diabetes Millitus ( Type 2 )

Question 1

Type 2 DM pathophysiology ?

Answer 1

• The pancreas produces enough hormone but something goes wrong either with the binding receptor or insulin signaling inside the target cells. The cells are not responding to insuline and therefore cannot import glucose —> glucose stays in the blood

Question 2

Type 2 DM other name?

Answer 2

• Insuline resistant

Question 3

• Signs and symptoms?

Answer 3

• Classic symptoms (polyuria, polydispia, polyphagia and weight loss)
• Blurry vision
• Lower extremities paresthesias
• Yeast infections

Question 4

Differential diagnosis?

Answer 4

• Type 1 DM
• DKA

Question 5

Goals of treatment for DM ?

Answer 5

• Microvascular ( eye and kidney disease), risk reduction through control of glycemic and BP
• Macro-vascular ( coronary, cerebrovascular, peripheral vascular), risk reducing through control of lipids and hypertension and smoking cessation
• Metabolic and neurological, risk reduction through control of glycemic

Question 6

Complications of DM ?

Answer 6

• DKA
• Hyperglycemia hyperosmolar status ( HHS)
• Infectious complications
• Neurological complications
• Microangiopathy
• Macroangiopathy
• Diabetic foot

Question 7

Oral Anti-diabetic drugs to HbA1C decreasing degree :

Answer 7

• Metformin and Sulfonylureas ( reduces up to 1.0%-2.0% )
• Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
• Glinide
• Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
• DPP-4 inhibitors
• SGLT-2 inhibitors