Diabetes Mellitus ( Type1 )

Question 1

What is Diabetes Mellitus ?

Answer 1

• A chronic disease, caused either by the pancreas not producing the hormone (insulin) or caused by the produced hormone is not effectively used by the body.

Question 2

What are the classical symptoms for Diabetes Mellitus ?

Answer 2

• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Polyphagia
• Unexplained weight loss

Question 3

How is Insulin working in health people?

Answer 3

• Beta cells of the pancreas produce insulin, which binds to its receptor on target cells and induces glucose intake.

Question 4

Type 1 DM pathophysiology?

Answer 4

• Beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed by the immune system by mistake. Then • Insulin production is reduced
  • Less insulin binds to its receptor on target cells
  • Less glucose is taken into the cells
  • More glucose stays in the blood

Question 5

What’s DM major factors?

Answer 5

• Birth weight (>4kg)
• Obesity
• Fat
• Smoking
• Inflammation (high CRP)
• Metabolic syndrome
• Irregular menses

Question 6

Clinical manifestations Type 1 DM?

Answer 6

• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Polyphagia
• weight loss

Question 7

Type 1 DM characteristics ?

Answer 7

• Early onset
• Sudden symptoms
• Before the age of 20

Question 8

Differential diagnosis?

Answer 8

• Type 2 DM
• Chronic pancreatitis
• Endocrine disorder
• Monogenic DM

Question 9

Diagnosis?

Answer 9

• Fast plasma glucose (FPG) >126mg/dL, OR
• 2 hours plasma glucose >200mg/dL, OR
• HbA1c > 6.5%
  OR
• Random plasma glucose >200mg/dL

Question 10

DM Management?

Answer 10

• Glycemic control
• Self-monitoring
• Insulin therapy (for DM type 1)
• Common insulin regimens (for DM type1)
• Diet and activity

Question 11

Type 1 DM other name?

Answer 11

• Insulin dependent