Diabetes mellitus and lupus (Concepts)

Question 1

What is the structure of the K_ATP channel?

Answer 1

• 8 subunits
• 4x K_ir6.2 subunits
• 4x SUR (sulphonylurea receptor) subunits

Question 2

What is the location of ATP binding sites in K_ATP?

Answer 2

In K_ir6.2 subunits

Question 3

What is significant about the pharmacokinetics of glargine compared to other types of insulin?

Answer 3

Aggregation properties means that it is reabsorbed very slowly. Its [Drug]_plasma-Time curve resembles that of a constant infusion as opposed to single dose.

Question 4

What are the differences in pharmacokinetic properties of different sulphonylurea compounds?

Answer 4

• Glibenclamide is mainly eliminated via urine while glipizide is eliminated by metabolism in liver.
• Glibenclamide is potentiated by poor renal function.

Question 5

What are the incretins?

Answer 5

GIP = K-cells

GLP-1 = L-cells

Question 6

How are GIP and GLP-1 broken down?

Answer 6

DPP-4

Question 7

What is the NICE algorithm for treatment of type II diabetes?

Answer 7

Stage 1: Metformin

Stage 2: Metformin + 2nd compound

Stage 3: Metformin + 2nd & 3rd compound or insulin

Question 8

What are the types of lupus?

Answer 8

1. Discoid lupus: Affects skin
2. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): Affects skin and many organs